LEADER 05751oam 22007575 450 001 9910779427003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8213-9666-8 010 $a1-299-19249-1 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-9665-0 035 $a(CKB)2550000001003093 035 $a(EBL)1130131 035 $a(OCoLC)829460277 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000827849 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12314859 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000827849 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10832709 035 $a(PQKB)10241437 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16041412 035 $a(PQKB)21167586 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1130131 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1130131 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10662094 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL450499 035 $a(OCoLC)794838552 035 $a(The World Bank)17330585 035 $a(US-djbf)17330585 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001003093 100 $a20120604d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDirections in development : $einfrastructure and employment creation in the Middle East and North Africa /$fAntonio Estache ... [and others] 210 1$aWashington D.C. :$cWorld Bank,$d[2012] 210 4$dcopyright 2012. 215 $apages cm 225 0 $aDirections in development 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9665-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Overview; Figures; O.1 Infrastructure Needs and Financing; O.2 Cost of a Direct Job in Roads and Bridge Construction Relative to Other Sectors in 2009; Tables; O.1 Infrastructure-Related Short-Term Job Creation; O.3 Shares of Unemployed by Education Level in Selected MENA Economies; Chapter 1 Introduction; Background Information; 1.1 Public Gross Fixed Capital Formation; 1.2 Sectors' Contribution to Annual Employment Growth in the 2000's; Scope and Structure of the Study; 1.3 Fiscal Space Indicators 327 $aDefinitions and Key Concepts 1.1 MENA Classification; References; Chapter 2 The State of Employment and Infrastructure and Future Needs; Employment Challenges; 2.1 Employment and the Size of the Labor Force in MENA; Infrastructure Endowments and Future Needs; 2.1 Labor Force Levels in MENA, 2009; 2.2 Infrastructure Endowments in the Developing World; 2.3 Infrastructure Endowments in MENA by Country Grouping; 2.4 Unit Costs of Infrastructure by Sector; 2.5 Roads Maintenance and Rehabilitation Program; 2.6 Annual Expenditure Needs for Infrastructure in the MENA Region 327 $a2.2 Composition of Infrastructure Expenditure Needs by Group of Countries 2.7 Annual Infrastructure Investment and Maintenance Needs in MENA by Type of Investment as Percent of GDP; 2.8 Expenditure Needs for Water and Sanitation in Urban and Rural Areas; Potential of Infrastructure Investment in Boosting Employment; 2.9 Access Shortfall Compared to MDG Linear Path Achievement; 2.10 Employment Shares of Infrastructure and Construction Sectors; 2.11 Infrastructure Jobs by Sector in MENA; 2.3 Shares of Infrastructure and Construction Jobs in Total Employment in MENA 327 $aAnnex 2A: Econometric Models for Infrastructure Needs Annex 2B: Data Sources and Descriptions Used for Model of Investment Requirements; Annex 2C: Data Imputations; Notes; 2C.1 Imputation of Average Investment as Percent of GDP When Data Were Not Available; References; Chapter 3 Short-Run Employment Effects of Infrastructure Investment; Techniques for Estimating the Cost of a Job and the Employment Generated by Investment in Infrastructure; Hybrid Approaches to Estimating the Short-Term Employment Effects of Infrastructure Investment; Boxes 327 $a3.1 Pros and Cons of Input-Output Table Use for Generating Employment Estimates 3.1 Regression of Semiskilled Hourly Construction Wage on GDP per Capita; Estimating the Cost of Creating Jobs in Oil Importing MENA Countries; 3.2 Construction Sector Hourly Wages in the Arab Republic of Egypt, January 2009; 3.3 Sector Coverage Provided by Various Input-Output Tables; 3.4 Cost of Creating a Job in Selected Infrastructure Sectors in the Arab Republic of Egypt, 2009; 3.5 Cost of Creating Infrastructure-Related Jobs by Country; 3.6 Estimated Costs of a Type II Job in Six MENA OICs, 2009 327 $a3.7 Estimated Costs of a Direct Job in Six MENA OICs, 2009 330 $aThis study assesses the potential for job creation through infrastructure investment in the Middle East and North Africa. The region has experience in making the most of infrastructure investments, but maintaining and spreading the momentum in infrastructure will be important to support future growth and job creation. To do so, policymakers will have to recognize that there are large differences in initial conditions across the region in terms of starting stock, needs, fiscal commitments, private sector participation and job creation potential. Overall, the region's infrastructure needs through 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aInfrastructure (Economics)$zMiddle East 606 $aInfrastructure (Economics)$zAfrica, North 606 $aLabor supply$zMiddle East 606 $aLabor supply$zAfrica, North 615 0$aInfrastructure (Economics) 615 0$aInfrastructure (Economics) 615 0$aLabor supply 615 0$aLabor supply 676 $a338.956 701 $aEstache$b Antonio$01505822 801 0$bDLC 801 1$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910779427003321 996 $aDirections in development$93858354 997 $aUNINA