LEADER 02070oas 2200673 450 001 9910711751803321 005 20190523144256.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002486554 035 $a(OCoLC)1080935226 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002486554 100 $a20190104a20139999 ua 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aBirths in the United States 210 1$aHyattsville, MD :$cU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics,$d2014- 215 $a1 online resource (volumes) $ccolor illustrations 225 1 $aNCHS data brief,$x1941-4935 225 1 $aDHHS publication 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 606 $aFertility, Human$zUnited States$vStatistics 606 $aChildbirth$zUnited States$vStatistics 606 $aCesarean section$xHealth risk assessment$zUnited States$vStatistics 606 $aPremature infants$zUnited States$vStatistics 606 $aTwins$zUnited States$vStatistics 606 $aChildbirth$2fast 606 $aFertility, Human$2fast 606 $aPremature infants$2fast 606 $aTwins$2fast 607 $aUnited States$2fast 608 $aStatistics.$2fast 608 $aStatistics.$2lcgft 615 0$aFertility, Human 615 0$aChildbirth 615 0$aCesarean section$xHealth risk assessment 615 0$aPremature infants 615 0$aTwins 615 7$aChildbirth. 615 7$aFertility, Human. 615 7$aPremature infants. 615 7$aTwins. 712 02$aNational Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), 801 0$bGPO 801 1$bGPO 801 2$bGPO 801 2$bOCLCF 801 2$bGPM 801 2$bMERUC 801 2$bGWC 801 2$bOCLCO 801 2$bGYG 801 2$bOCLCA 801 2$bGPO 906 $aJOURNAL 912 $a9910711751803321 996 $aBirths in the United States$93352569 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05838oam 22013694 450 001 9910779220703321 005 20230802005401.0 010 $a1-4755-1163-9 010 $a1-4755-8117-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000000106127 035 $a(EBL)1606696 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001101020 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11609134 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001101020 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11063694 035 $a(PQKB)11497081 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1606696 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1606696 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10566297 035 $a(OCoLC)870244824 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012101 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012101 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000106127 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCentral Bank Independence and Macro-Prudential Regulation /$fFabian Valencia, Kenichi Ueda 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (28 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/12/101 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4755-4968-7 311 $a1-4755-0291-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; I: Introduction; II: Model Setup; III: Social Planner Benchmark; IV: Time inconsistency in a dual-mandate central bank; V: Separation of Objectives Achieves Social Optimum; VI: The role of political independence; A: Non-Independent Central Bank and Independent Macro-prudential Regulator; B: Non-Independent Macro-prudential Regulator and Independent Central Bank; VII: Welfare Comparisons; List of Tables; 1 Welfare Loss Across Institutional Arrangements; VIII: Conclusions; References; Appendices; I: Non-Independent Single Authority; II: Distortionary Macro-prudential Regulation 330 3 $aWe consider the optimality of various institutional arrangements for agencies that conduct macro-prudential regulation and monetary policy. When a central bank is in charge of price and financial stability, a new time inconsistency problem may arise. Ex-ante, the central bank chooses the socially optimal level of inflation. Ex-post, however, the central bank chooses inflation above the social optimum to reduce the real value of private debt. This inefficient outcome arises when macro-prudential policies cannot be adjusted as frequently as monetary. Importantly, this result arises even when the central bank is politically independent. We then consider the role of political pressures in the spirit of Barro and Gordon (1983). We show that if either the macro-prudential regulator or the central bank (or both) are not politically independent, separation of price and financial stability objectives does not deliver the social optimum. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/101 606 $aBanks and banking, Central 606 $aBanks and banking 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aFinance: General$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aOptimization Techniques$2imf 606 $aProgramming Models$2imf 606 $aDynamic Analysis$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics: Consumption$2imf 606 $aSaving$2imf 606 $aWealth$2imf 606 $aContingent Pricing$2imf 606 $aFutures Pricing$2imf 606 $aoption pricing$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aGeneral Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation$2imf 606 $aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General$2imf 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aPrice stabilization$2imf 606 $aFinancial sector stability$2imf 606 $aCredit$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 606 $aGovernment policy$2imf 606 $aFinancial services industry$2imf 615 0$aBanks and banking, Central. 615 0$aBanks and banking. 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aFinance: General 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aOptimization Techniques 615 7$aProgramming Models 615 7$aDynamic Analysis 615 7$aMacroeconomics: Consumption 615 7$aSaving 615 7$aWealth 615 7$aContingent Pricing 615 7$aFutures Pricing 615 7$aoption pricing 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aGeneral Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation 615 7$aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aPrice stabilization 615 7$aFinancial sector stability 615 7$aCredit 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aBanks and banking 615 7$aGovernment policy 615 7$aFinancial services industry 700 $aValencia$b Fabian$01493480 701 $aUeda$b Kenichi$01485191 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910779220703321 996 $aCentral Bank Independence and Macro-Prudential Regulation$93762895 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04729nam 2200733 450 001 9910816023803321 005 20200903223051.0 010 $a90-04-27470-7 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004274709 035 $a(CKB)2550000001298026 035 $a(EBL)1688666 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001194653 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11709046 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001194653 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11169844 035 $a(PQKB)11437845 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1688666 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004274709 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1688666 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10870358 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL608444 035 $a(OCoLC)879947771 035 $a(PPN)184922879 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001298026 100 $a20140521h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aTheoretical discussions of biography $eapproaches from history, microhistory and life writing /$fedited by Hans Renders, Binne de Haan ; with a foreword by Nigel Hamilton 205 $aRevised and augmented edition. 210 1$aLeiden, The Netherlands :$cBrill,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (293 p.) 225 1 $aEgodocuments and History Series,$x1873-653X ;$vVolume 7 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a90-04-27014-0 311 $a1-306-77193-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tPreliminary Material /$rHans Renders and Binne de Haan -- $tIntroduction: The Challenges of Biography Studies /$rHans Renders and Binne de Haan -- $tTowards Traditions and Nations /$rBinne de Haan and Hans Renders -- $tRoots of Biography: From Journalism to Pulp to Scholarly Based Non-Fiction /$rHans Renders -- $tThe Solace of Doubt? Biographical Methodology after the Short Twentieth Century /$rJames Walter -- $tThe Uses of Biography /$rGiovanni Levi -- $tThe Role of the Individual in History: Biographical and Historical Writing in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century /$rSabina Loriga -- $tContemporary Values of Life: Biographical Dictionaries in the Nineteenth Century /$rHans Renders -- $tWhat Is Micro in Microhistory? /$rMatti Peltonen -- $tMicrohistory and the Post-Modern Challenge /$rRichard D. Brown -- $tThe Limits of Representativeness: Biography, Life Writing, and Microhistory /$rHans Renders -- $tMicrohistory: Two or Three Things That I Know about It /$rCarlo Ginzburg -- $tBiography in Academia and the Critical Frontier in Life Writing: Where Biography Shifts into Life Writing /$rHans Renders -- $tThe Eclipse of Biography in Life Writing /$rBinne de Haan -- $tComing to Terms: Life Writing ? from Genre to Critical Practice /$rMarlene Kadar -- $tBiography /$rAnonymous -- $tSex in Biography /$rErnest Boyd -- $tThe Personal in the Political Biography /$rHans Renders -- $tThe Biographical Method /$rHans Renders -- $tWhy Genealogy and Biography are Not Kin /$rHans Renders -- $tA Nobel Prize for Biography /$rNigel Hamilton -- $tBibliography /$rHans Renders and Binne de Haan -- $tIndex /$rHans Renders and Binne de Haan. 330 $aTheoretical Discussions of Biography: Approaches from History, Microhistory, and Life Writing offers comprehensive overviews by 14 academic scholars of the actual state of the field of Biography Studies. In the volume, edited by biography scholars Hans Renders and Binne de Haan, specifically the connections between biography and the fields of microhistory, journalism, and Life Writing illuminate key challenges and problems in studying individual lives. Different perspectives are provided on the ways in which biography contributes to scholarship in the humanities in general and academic historiography in particular. The contributing authors are academic experts in these fields and include Richard D. Brown, Carlo Ginzburg, Nigel Hamilton, Marlene Kadar, Giovanni Levi, Sabina Loriga, Matti Peltonen, and James Walter. 410 0$aEgodocuments and history series ;$vVolume 7. 606 $aBiography as a literary form 606 $aBiography$xPhilosophy 606 $aHistoriography 606 $aMicrohistory 606 $aAutobiography 615 0$aBiography as a literary form. 615 0$aBiography$xPhilosophy. 615 0$aHistoriography. 615 0$aMicrohistory. 615 0$aAutobiography. 676 $a920.001 702 $aRenders$b Hans 702 $aDe Haan$b Binne 702 $aHamilton$b Nigel 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910816023803321 996 $aTheoretical discussions of biography$94098331 997 $aUNINA