LEADER 04770nam 22004693u 450 001 9910778972603321 005 20230421041103.0 010 $a0-19-972921-2 010 $a1-280-47074-7 010 $a1-4237-6008-5 010 $a1-60256-299-7 035 $a(CKB)111004627525014 035 $a(EBL)271049 035 $a(OCoLC)707917799 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC271049 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111004627525014 100 $a20151005d1998|||| u|| | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 200 10$aBasic Concepts of Criminal Law$b[electronic resource] 210 $aCary $cOxford University Press$d1998 215 $a1 online resource (236 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-19-512171-6 327 $a""Contents""; ""Introduction""; ""1. Substance versus Procedure""; ""The Philosophical Problem: Substance versus Procedure""; ""The Burden of Proof: Half a Loaf""; ""The Distinction in Context""; ""2. Punishment versus Treatment""; ""Two Constitutional Perspectives: Motive versus Impact""; ""The Purposes of Punishment""; ""The Conceptual Analysis of Punishment""; ""Punishment: Public and Private""; ""3. Subject versus Object""; ""The Requirement of Human Action""; ""Acts and Omissions""; ""Commission by Omission""; ""Offenses of Failing to Act""; ""Alternative Approaches to Human Action"" 327 $a""Subject and Object in Criminal Procedure""""4. Human Causes versus Natural Events""; ""The Domain of Causation""; ""How to Approach Causation""; ""Problem One: Alternative Sufficient Causes""; ""Problem Two: Proximate Cause""; ""Problem Three: Omissions""; ""Causation in Ordinary Language""; ""Ideology and Causation""; ""5. The Crime versus the Offender""; ""The Basics of Wrongdoing""; ""The Basics of Attribution""; ""The Operative Significance of the Distinction""; ""A Problem in the Borderland: Putative Self-Defense""; ""6. Offenses versus Defenses"" 327 $a""Disputes about the Burden of Persuasion""""From Defeasible to Comprehensive Rules""; ""Formal Reasoning""; ""The Presumption of Innocence""; ""The Moral Theory of Guilt""; ""The Necessity of the Distinction Between Offense and Defense""; ""Can a Statutory Justifiction Be Unlawful?""; ""7. Intentions versus Negligence""; ""Accidents and Negligence""; ""Negligence: Objective and Subjective""; ""The Structure of Culpable Intentions""; ""On Motives""; ""The Distinction Between Intention and Negligence Revisited""; ""8. Self-Defense versus Necessity""; ""Se Defendendo and Necessity as Excuses"" 327 $a""Self-Defense as a Justification""""Necessity or Lesser Evils as a Justification""; ""Conflicts Between Self-Defense and Necessity""; ""9. Relevant versus Irrelevant Mistakes""; ""Irrelevant Mistakes""; ""Mistakes about Factual Elements of the Definition (Type One)""; ""Mistakes about Legal Aspects of the Definition (Type Two)""; ""Mistakes about Factual Elements of Justification (Type Three)""; ""Putative Justification Negates the Required Intent""; ""Strict Liability: The Mistake Is Deemed Irrelevant""; ""Putative Justification Is Itself Justification""; ""Reasonable Mistake as an Excuse"" 327 $a""Mistakes about the Norms of Justifiction (Type Four)""""Mistakes about the Factual Elements of Excuses (Type Five)""; ""Mistakes about Excusing Norms (Type Six)""; ""Summary of Mistakes: Relevant and Irrelevant""; ""10. Attempts versus Completed Offenses""; ""The Search for the Primary Offense""; ""The Structure of Attempts: Impossibility""; ""The Structure of Attempts: Abandonment""; ""11. Perpetration versus Complicity""; ""The Formal Equivalence of Perpetrators and Accomplices""; ""The Differentiation of Perpetrators from Other Participants""; ""Two Problematic Variations"" 327 $a""The Expansion of Corporate Criminal Liability"" 330 $aIn the United States today criminal justice can vary from state to state, as various states alter the Modern Penal Code to suit their own local preferences and concerns. In Eastern Europe, the post-Communist countries are quickly adopting new criminal codes to reflect their specific nationalconcerns as they gain autonomy from what was once a centralized Soviet policy. As commonalities among countries and states disintegrate, how are we to view the basic concepts of criminal law as a whole?Eminent legal scholar George Fletcher acknowledges that criminal law is becoming increasingly localized, w 606 $aCriminal law 615 4$aCriminal law. 676 $a345 700 $aFletcher$b George P$0233694 801 0$bAU-PeEL 801 1$bAU-PeEL 801 2$bAU-PeEL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778972603321 996 $aBasic concepts of criminal law$953664 997 $aUNINA