LEADER 06164nam 2200745 a 450 001 9910778957103321 005 20230725054440.0 010 $a1-283-43340-0 010 $a9786613433404 010 $a981-4313-29-7 035 $a(CKB)2550000000078937 035 $a(EBL)840654 035 $a(OCoLC)858228538 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000573064 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12201783 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000573064 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10540805 035 $a(PQKB)11468974 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC840654 035 $a(WSP)00002161 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL840654 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10524566 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL343340 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000078937 100 $a20111201d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEnvironmental hazards$b[electronic resource] $ethe fluid dynamics and geophysics of extreme events /$feditors, H.K. Moffatt, Emily Shuckburgh 210 $aSingapore $cWorld Scientific$dc2011 215 $a1 online resource (330 p.) 225 1 $aLecture notes series / Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore ;$vv. 21 300 $a"The Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore hosted a Spring School on Fluid Dynamics and Geophysics of Environmental Hazards from 19 April to 2 May 2009. This volume contains the content of the nine short lecture courses given at this School ..."--Back cover. 311 $a981-4313-28-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; Foreword; Preface; 1. A Brief Introduction to Vortex Dynamics and Turbulence H. Keith Moffatt; 1. Introduction; 2. Vorticity and the Biot-Savart Law; 3. The Euler Equation and its Invariants; 4. The Stretched Vortex of Burgers (1948); 5. Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability; 6. Transient Instability and Streamwise Vortices; 7. Turbulence, Viewed as a Random Field of Vorticity; 8. The Kolmogorov-Obukhov Energy-Cascade Theory; Acknowledgments; References; 2. Geophysical and Environmental Fluid Dynamics Tieh-Yong Koh and Paul F. Linden; 1. Introduction; 2. Stratified Flows 327 $a2.1. Surface Gravity Waves2.1.1. Dimensional analysis; 2.1.2. Exact dispersion relation; 2.2. Froude Number; 2.3. Stratification and Buoyancy Frequency; 2.4. Internal Gravity Waves; 2.5. Mountain Waves; 2.6. Mass, Momentum and Energy Fluxes; 3. Convection; 3.1. Unstable Stratification; 3.2. Parcel Argument; 3.3. Dimensional Analysis; 3.3.1. Rayleigh number; 3.4. Convection Strength; 3.5. High Rayleigh Number; 3.6. Very High Rayleigh Number; 4. Plumes; 4.1. Plumes-Dimensional Analysis; 4.2. Entrainment; 4.2.1. Entrainment assumption; 4.3. Self-similarity; 4.4. Plume Rise in a Stratified Fluid 327 $a4.4.1. Dimensional analysis4.4.2. Impact on the external environment - the "filling box"; 4.5. Fires; 5. Gravity Currents; 5.1. Horizontal Stratification; 5.2. Gravity Currents; 5.2.1. Dimensional analysis; 5.2.1.1. Constant velocity phase; 5.2.1.2. Similarity phase; 5.2.2. Laboratory verification; 5.3. The Front Froude Number; 6. Rotating Flows; 6.1. Rotating Frame and the Coriolis Force; 6.2. Inertial Oscillations; 6.3. Rossby Radius of Deformation and Eddies; 6.4. Buoyancy-Driven Coastal Currents; References; 3. Weather and Climate Emily Shuckburgh; 1. Introduction 327 $a2. Forcing of the Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation2.1. Atmospheric Properties; 2.2. Solar Forcing; 2.3. Greenhouse Effect; 2.4. Radiative Transfer; 2.5. Climate Change; 2.6. Further Atmospheric Properties; 2.7. Oceanic Properties; 2.8. Ocean Forcing; 3. Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans; 3.1. Role of Dynamics; 3.2. Rotating Fluids; 3.3. Weather and Climate Models; 3.4. Dynamical Processes; 3.5. General Circulation of the Atmosphere; 3.6. Ocean Circulation; 3.7. Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling; 4. Conclusions; References 327 $a4. Dynamics of the Indian and Pacific Oceans Swadhin Behera and Toshio Yamagata1. Introduction; 2. The Tropical Climate Modes; 2.1. The ENSO; 2.2. The ENSO Modoki; 2.2.1. Ocean-atmosphere coupling; 2.2.2. ENSO Modoki vs ENSO impacts; 2.3. The Indian Ocean Dipole; 2.3.1. Ocean-atmosphere coupling; 2.3.2. Triggering and termination processes; 2.3.3. IOD impacts; 2.3.4. IOD predictions; 3. IOD, ENSO and ENSO Modoki Interactions; 4. Discussions; References; 5. The Hurricane-Climate Connection Kerry Emanuel; 1. Introduction; 2. Tropical Cyclone Variability in the Instrumental Record 327 $a3. Paleotempestology 330 $aThe Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore hosted a Spring School on Fluid Dynamics and Geophysics of Environmental Hazards from 19 April to 2 May 2009. This volume contains the content of the nine short lecture courses given at this School, with a focus mainly on tropical cyclones, tsunamis, monsoon flooding and atmospheric pollution, all within the context of climate variability and change. The book provides an introduction to these topics from both mathematical and geophysical points of view, and will be invaluable for graduate students in applied mathem 410 0$aLecture notes series (National University of Singapore. Institute for Mathematical Sciences) ;$vv. 21. 606 $aClimatic extremes$vCongresses 606 $aAtmospheric turbulence$vCongresses 606 $aNatural disasters$vCongresses 606 $aFluid mechanics$vCongresses 615 0$aClimatic extremes 615 0$aAtmospheric turbulence 615 0$aNatural disasters 615 0$aFluid mechanics 676 $a551.5 701 $aMoffatt$b H. K$g(Henry Keith),$f1935-$01511758 701 $aShuckburgh$b Emily$01511759 712 02$aNational University of Singapore.$bInstitute for Mathematical Sciences. 712 12$aSpring School on Fluid Dynamics and Geophysics of Environmental Hazards 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778957103321 996 $aEnvironmental hazards$93745282 997 $aUNINA