LEADER 03180nam 2200517 450 001 9910495737803321 005 20170629063015.0 010 $a2-35671-431-6 010 $a2-35671-235-6 024 7 $a10.4000/books.pressesmines.1853 035 $a(CKB)3710000000623478 035 $a(WaSeSS)IndRDA00075043 035 $a(FrMaCLE)OB-pressesmines-1853 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/85751 035 $a(PPN)192168924 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000623478 100 $a20170629d2015 || | 101 0 $afre 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aNains sans ge?ants $earchitecture de?centralise?e et services Internet /$fFrancesca Musiani ; pre?face de Geoffrey C. Bowker 205 $a2e e?dition. 210 $aParis$cPresses des Mines$d2015 210 1$aParis :$cPresses des Mines,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (275 pages) 225 0 $aSciences sociales 311 $a2-35671-146-5 330 $aLa décentralisation est au c?ur de la genèse de l'internet, dont l'objectif premier était de faire communiquer des machines hétérogènes et distantes, sans passer par un point unique. Aujourd'hui, la concentration domine, autour de macro-acteurs, ces « géants » dont les immenses fermes de serveurs voient passer l'essentiel du trafic du web. Pourtant, le principe originel n'a pas été entièrement abandonné et, dans tous les domaines d'application, des développeurs explorent des alternatives décentralisées. Ces « nains » proposent des moteurs de recherche, des réseaux sociaux, des espaces de stockage qui répartissent ressources et compétences entre les membres du réseau. Cet ouvrage explore les formes d'organisation décentralisées de l'internet : il montre comment un réseau qui répartit la responsabilité de son fonctionnement à ses marges, en s'organisant selon un modèle non - ou faiblement - hiérarchisé, peut se développer dans l'internet contemporain si fortement structuré. Un tel dispositif pose des questions d'organisation des marchés, d'efficacité des techniques, de durabilité des modèles, ainsi que de protection de la vie privée et de droit des données personnelles. Comme le fait remarquer Geoffrey Bowker dans sa préface, cet ouvrage nous conduit à interroger la gouvernance d'internet, et, pour comprendre cette question sociotechnique clef de notre temps, il nous faut analyser les alternatives au fonctionnement actuel. C'est précisément ce que fait, d'une manière fine et informée, Nains sans géants. 606 $aArchitecture 606 $aInternet service providers 610 $aIMS (protocole de réseaux d'ordinateurs) 610 $aréseaux sociaux 610 $adécentralisation 610 $ainternet 615 0$aArchitecture. 615 0$aInternet service providers. 700 $aMusiani$b Francesca$0914499 702 $aBowker$b Geoffrey C. 801 0$bWaSeSS 801 1$bWaSeSS 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910495737803321 996 $aNains sans ge?ants$92866038 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04522nam 22006013u 450 001 9910778803903321 005 20230725054358.0 010 $a1-283-44700-2 010 $a9786613447005 010 $a0-7391-7290-5 035 $a(CKB)2550000000079396 035 $a(EBL)850731 035 $a(OCoLC)775302623 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC850731 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000079396 100 $a20131021d2011|||| u|| | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 200 10$aBigger Isn't Necessarily Better$b[electronic resource] $eLessons from the Harvard Home Builder Study 210 $aLanham $cLexington Books$d2011 215 $a1 online resource (130 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-7391-7289-1 327 $aBIGGER ISN'T NECESSARILY BETTER; CONTENTS; PREFACE; CHAPTER 1 HOME BUILDING-IS BIGGER BETTER?; The Home Building Boom; The Seeds of Consolidation; The Growing Dominance of Big Builders; Conventional Wisdom about Scale; The Virtuous Circle Hypothesis; Organization of the Book; CHAPTER 2 STUDYING THE HOME BUILDING INDUSTRY; Building the Machine for Living; Focus on Entry-Level Homes; Measuring Local Market Competitio; Survey Coverage and Content; Structure of the Survey; CHAPTER 3 BIG BUILDERS AT THE CORPORATE LEVEL; Builder Performance During the Boom; Securing Capital for Expansion 327 $aLand Assembly StrategiesCorporate Branding and Customer Satisfa; Conclusion; CHAPTER 4 LABOR AND SUBCONTRACTING PRACTICES; The Construction Manager Model; Benefits and Costs of Improved Coordination; Coordinating On-Site Activities; Performance at the Construction Site; Conclusion; CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED OPERATIONAL PRACTICES; Emergence of the Third Supply Channel; Shifting Builder Priorities; Implementation of Advanced Practices; The Role of Local Market Conditions; Market Characteristics and Builder Performance; Conclusion; CHAPTER 6 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY; ICT Background 327 $aCommunicating with CustomersHome Builders and Technology Use in the Back Office; Home Builders and Technology Use on the Site; Using Technology to Estimate Costs; Using Technology to Coordinate with Subcontractors and Suppliers; The Importance of Sharing; Factors Discouraging Greater Use of Technology; Conclusion; CHAPTER 7 LESSONS ABOUT BUILDER SCALE AND PERFORMANCE; Challenges of Improving Operational Performance; The Importance of Local Markets Revisited; Disentangling the Effects of Size and Location; Can Bigger Get Better?; CHAPTER 8 GAINING ADVANTAGE FROM SCALE 327 $aImprove Subcontractor Coordination and Workforce QualityIncrease Standardization and Preassembly of Components; Leverage the Power of Information Technology; Streamline Supply Chain Management and Logistics; Managing Risk in the Twenty-First Century; APPENDIX A JOINT CENTER ADVISORY PANELFOR THE HARVARD HOME BUILDER STUDY; APPENDIX B SURVEY RESPONSES TO ICT QUESTIONS; REFERENCES; INDEX 330 $aDespite the growth of huge national home builders and industry consolidation that accompanied it, Bigger Isn't Necessarily Better shows that most builders did not improve their operational performance during the boom. As a result, the sector had a long way to fall as the economy collapsed about them. Given the importance of housing to the US economy, the book's lessons are critical to those in homebuilding as well as to policy makers, scholars, and the public. 606 $aBuilding materials 606 $aBuilding trades -- United States 606 $aConstruction industry - United States 606 $aConstruction industry - United States - Management 606 $aConstruction industry -- United States -- Management 606 $aConstruction industry -- United States 615 4$aBuilding materials. 615 4$aBuilding trades -- United States. 615 4$aConstruction industry - United States. 615 4$aConstruction industry - United States - Management. 615 4$aConstruction industry -- United States -- Management. 615 4$aConstruction industry -- United States. 676 $a333.3 676 $a690.068 700 $aAbernathy$b Frederick$0285447 701 $aBaker$b Kermit$01506326 701 $aColton$b Kent$01506327 701 $aWeil$b David$0872518 801 0$bAU-PeEL 801 1$bAU-PeEL 801 2$bAU-PeEL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778803903321 996 $aBigger Isn't Necessarily Better$93736519 997 $aUNINA