LEADER 04436nam 2200661 a 450 001 9910778659103321 005 20230421033155.0 010 $a0-309-17604-2 010 $a1-280-21067-2 010 $a9786610210671 010 $a0-309-56787-4 010 $a0-585-08517-X 035 $a(CKB)110986584751702 035 $a(EBL)3376697 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000238562 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11220756 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000238562 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10233913 035 $a(PQKB)11061605 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376697 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376697 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056974 035 $a(OCoLC)814277342 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751702 100 $a19960312d1995 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aRisk & innovation$b[electronic resource] $ethe role and importance of small high-tech companies in the U.S. economy /$fCommittee on Technology, Management, and Capital in Small High-Tech Companies, National Academy of Engineering 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1995 215 $a1 online resource (99 p.) 300 $aCommittee chairman: Henry Kressel. 311 $a0-309-05376-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aRisk & Innovation; Copyright; Preface; Contents; RISK & INNOVATION; 1 Executive Summary ; INTRODUCTION; THE ROLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL START-UPS AND SMALL INNOVATIVE COMPANIES IN THE U.S. ECONOMY; OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL TECHNOLOGY-ORIENTED COMPANIES; HOW GOVERNMENTS CAN NURTURE SMALL COMPANIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATORS; 2 Introduction ; THE STUDY APPROACH; DEFINITIONS AND POLICY QUESTIONS; THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT; 3 The Roles of Technological Start-Ups and Small Innovative Companies in the U.S. Economy ; COMPARING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SMALL TECHNOLOGY-ORIENTED COMPANIES 327 $aAdvanced Displays and Visual Systems Implantable and Surgical Medical Devices; Software; Environmental Testing Services; Network Services and Access Devices; Outdoor Sporting Goods; Summary Comparison; CONCLUSIONS; 4 Opportunities for Small Technology-Oriented Companies ; HOW THE MARKET DETERMINES OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS; Fragmented, Technically Dynamic, and Rapidly Growing Markets; Low Barriers to Entry; An Adequate Technical and Business Infrastructure; Good Access To Potential Customers; Availability of Financing; A Culture (Recent History) of Entrepreneurship; Characteristic Risks 327 $aTHE LARGE-COMPANY ROLE THE IMPORTANCE OF GEOGRAPHY; Regional Sources of Entrepreneurs and Ideas; Factors Affecting the Start-ups in a Region; Factors Affecting the Ability of a Company to Grow in a Region; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; 5 How Governments Can Nurture Small Companies and Technological Innovators ; FEDERAL POLICIES: SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE; FEDERAL POLICIES: TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES; FEDERAL PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORT SMALL HIGH-TECH COMPANIES; STATE AND REGIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS; THE NATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT; UNINTENDED EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT POLICYMAKING 327 $aMedical Devices: Innovation as an Investment Decision Environmental Testing Labs: Created and Constrained by Environmental Regulation; Networks: Evolution of Regulatory Schemes; IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY; Appendix What We Know About Small Business in America ; DEFINITIONS; THE JOB CREATION DEBATE; INNOVATION IN SMALL COMPANIES; OTHER AREAS OF COMPARISON BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL FIRMS; Wages; Benefits; Job Security; Training; Unionization; Political Resources; Influence; Intangibles; THE DATA ON SMALL HIGH-TECH COMPANIES; Biographies of Committee Members 517 3 $aRisk and innovation 606 $aHigh technology industries$zUnited States 606 $aSmall business$zUnited States 606 $aTechnological innovations$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aRisk$zUnited States 615 0$aHigh technology industries 615 0$aSmall business 615 0$aTechnological innovations$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aRisk 676 $a338.1 712 02$aNational Academy of Engineering.$bCommittee on Technology, Management, and Capital in Small High-Tech Companies. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778659103321 996 $aRisk & innovation$93740755 997 $aUNINA