LEADER 04406nam 2200577Ia 450 001 9910778531403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-674-02885-6 024 7 $a10.4159/9780674028852 035 $a(CKB)1000000000815996 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000339097 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11243108 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000339097 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10299596 035 $a(PQKB)10536591 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3300328 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10314342 035 $a(OCoLC)923110580 035 $a(DE-B1597)574438 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674028852 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3300328 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000815996 100 $a19960401d1996 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aIntegration or separation?$b[electronic resource] $ea strategy for racial equality /$fRoy L. Brooks 210 $aCambridge, MA $cHarvard University Press$d1996 215 $axi, 348 p 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-674-13295-5 311 $a0-674-45645-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [289]-337) and index. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tContents -- $tPreface -- $tI RACIAL INTEGRATION -- $tIntroduction -- $t1 Elementary and Secondary Education -- $t2 Higher Education -- $t3 Housing -- $t4 Employment -- $t5 Voting -- $t6 Why Integration Has Failed -- $tII TOTAL SEPARATION -- $tIntroduction -- $t7 Booker T. Washington and W E. B. Du Bois -- $t8 Marcus Garvey -- $t9 The Nation ofIslam -- $t10 Emigration to Liberia -- $t11 Black Towns in the United States -- $t12 Intra-Racial Conflicts and Racial Romanticism -- $tIII LIMITED SEPARATION -- $tIntroduction -- $t13 The Case for a Policy of Limited Separation -- $t14 Elementary and Secondary Education -- $t15 Higher Education -- $t16 Cultural Integration within the Community -- $t17 Economic Integration within the Community -- $t18 Political Power -- $tEpilogue -- $tNotes -- $tIndex 330 $aIntegrated in principle, segregated in fact: is this the legacy of fifty years of "progress" in American racial policy? Is there hope for much better? Roy L. Brooks, a distinguished professor of law and a writer on matters of race and civil rights, says with frank clarity what few will admit--integration hasn't worked and possibly never will. Equally, he casts doubt on the solution that many African-Americans and mainstream whites have advocated: total separation of the races. This book presents Brooks's strategy for a middle way between the increasingly unworkable extremes of integration and separation. Limited separation, the approach Brooks proposes, shifts the focus of civil rights policy from the group to the individual. Defined as cultural and economic integration within African-American society, this policy would promote separate schooling, housing, and business enterprises where needed to bolster the self-sufficiency of the community, without trammeling the racial interests of individuals inside or outside of the group, and without endangering the idea of a shared Americanness. But all the while Brooks envisions African-American public schools, businesses, and communities redesigned to serve the enlightened self-interest of the individual. Unwilling to give up entirely on racial integration, he argues that limited separation may indeed lead to improved race relations and, ultimately, to healthy integration. This book appears at a crucial time, as Republicans dismantle past civil rights policies and Democrats search for new ones. With its alternative strategy and useful policy ideas for bringing individual African-Americans into mainstream society as first-class citizens, Integration or Separation? should influence debate and policymaking across the spectra of race, class, and political persuasion. 606 $aAfrican Americans$xCivil rights 606 $aBlack nationalism$zUnited States 607 $aUnited States$xRace relations 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xCivil rights. 615 0$aBlack nationalism 676 $a323.1/196073 700 $aBrooks$b Roy L$g(Roy Lavon),$f1950-$0256765 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778531403321 996 $aIntegration or separation$9985793 997 $aUNINA