LEADER 04475nam 2200697Ia 450 001 9910465503103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-674-06513-1 010 $a0-674-06943-9 024 7 $a10.4159/harvard.9780674065130 035 $a(CKB)2560000000082512 035 $a(OCoLC)794004256 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10568029 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000659077 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11456362 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000659077 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10695152 035 $a(PQKB)10950947 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3301086 035 $a(DE-B1597)178184 035 $a(OCoLC)1013946011 035 $a(OCoLC)1037978468 035 $a(OCoLC)1041894648 035 $a(OCoLC)1046615853 035 $a(OCoLC)1046995406 035 $a(OCoLC)1049618973 035 $a(OCoLC)1054874592 035 $a(OCoLC)840441378 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674065130 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3301086 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10568029 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000082512 100 $a20111128d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTerror in the Balkans$b[electronic resource] $eGerman armies and partisan warfare /$fBen Shepherd 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cHarvard University Press$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (375 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-674-04891-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $t Frontmatter -- $tContents -- $tIntroduction -- $tChapter 1. Before the Great War -- $tChapter 2. Forging a Wartime Mentality -- $tChapter 3. Bridging Two Hells -- $tChapter 4. Invasion and Occupation -- $tChapter 5. Islands in an Insurgent Sea -- $tChapter 6. Settling Accounts in Blood -- $tChapter 7. Standing Divided -- $tChapter 8. Glimmers of Sanity -- $tChapter 9. The Morass -- $tChapter 10. The Devil's Division -- $tConclusion -- $tAppendixes. Abbreviations. Notes. Acknowledgments. Index -- $tAppendix A. Source References for Featured Officers -- $tAppendix B. Note on the Primary Sources -- $tAbbreviations -- $tNotes -- $tAcknowledgments -- $tIndex 330 $aGermany's 1941 seizure of Yugoslavia led to an insurgency as bloody as any in World War II. The Wehrmacht waged a brutal counter-insurgency campaign in response, and by 1943 German troops in Yugoslavia were engaged in operations that ranked among the largest of the entire European war. Their actions encompassed massive reprisal shootings, the destruction of entire villages, and huge mobile operations unleashed not just against insurgents but also against the civilian population believed to be aiding them. Terror in the Balkans explores the reasons behind the Wehrmacht's extreme security measures in southern and eastern Europe.Ben Shepherd focuses his study not on the high-ranking generals who oversaw the campaign but on lower-level units and their officers, a disproportionate number of whom were of Austrian origin. He uses Austro-Hungarian army records to consider how the personal experiences of many Austrian officers during the Great War played a role in brutalizing their behavior in Yugoslavia. A comparison of Wehrmacht counter-insurgency divisions allows Shepherd to analyze how a range of midlevel commanders and their units conducted themselves in different parts of Yugoslavia, and why. Shepherd concludes that the Wehrmacht campaign's violence was driven not just by National Socialist ideology but also by experience of the fratricidal infighting of Yugoslavia's ethnic groups, by conditions on the ground, and by doctrines that had shaped the military mindsets of both Germany and Austria since the late nineteenth century. He also considers why different Wehrmacht units exhibited different degrees of ruthlessness and restraint during the campaign. 606 $aWorld War, 1939-1945$zYugoslavia 606 $aWorld War, 1939-1945$xUnderground movements$zYugoslavia 607 $aYugoslavia$xHistory$yAxis occupation, 1941-1945 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aWorld War, 1939-1945 615 0$aWorld War, 1939-1945$xUnderground movements 676 $a940.53/497 700 $aShepherd$b Ben$0912469 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910465503103321 996 $aTerror in the Balkans$92459809 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03833nam 2200697Ia 450 001 9910778191903321 005 20230410210151.0 010 $a0-674-26301-4 010 $a0-674-03425-2 024 7 $a10.4159/9780674034259 035 $a(CKB)1000000000786774 035 $a(StDuBDS)AH23050669 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000175293 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11154375 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000175293 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10190136 035 $a(PQKB)10602587 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3300329 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10315833 035 $a(OCoLC)923110581 035 $a(DE-B1597)574590 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674034259 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3300329 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000786774 100 $a20010609d2001 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aHungering for America $eItalian, Irish, and Jewish foodways in the age of migration /$fHasia R. Diner 210 $aCambridge, MA $cHarvard University Press$d2001 215 $a1 online resource $cillustrations 311 0 $a0-674-00605-4 311 0 $a0-674-01111-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter --$tAcknowledgments --$tContents --$tIllustrations --$tPreface --$t1. Ways of Eating, Ways of Starving --$t2. Black Bread, Hard Bread: Food, Class, and Hunger in Italy --$t3. ?The Bread Is Soft?: Italian Foodways, American Abundance --$t4. ?Outcast from Life?s Feast?: Food and Hunger in Ireland --$t5. The Sounds of Silence: Irish Food in America --$t6. A Set Table: Jewish Food and Class in Eastern Europe --$t7. Food Fights: Immigrant Jews and the Lure of America --$t8. Where There Is Bread, There Is My Country --$tNotes --$tIndex 330 $bMillions of immigrants were drawn to American shores, not by the mythic streets paved with gold, but rather by its tables heaped with food. How they experienced the realities of America's abundant food--its meat and white bread, its butter and cheese, fruits and vegetables, coffee and beer--reflected their earlier deprivations and shaped their ethnic practices in the new land. Hungering for America tells the stories of three distinctive groups and their unique culinary dramas. Italian immigrants transformed the food of their upper classes and of sacred days into a generic "Italian" food that inspired community pride and cohesion. Irish immigrants, in contrast, loath to mimic the foodways of the Protestant British elite, diminished food as a marker of ethnicity. And, East European Jews, who venerated food as the vital center around which family and religious practice gathered, found that dietary restrictions jarred with America's boundless choices. These tales, of immigrants in their old worlds and in the new, demonstrate the role of hunger in driving migration and the significance of food in cementing ethnic identity and community. Hasia Diner confirms the well-worn adage, "Tell me what you eat and I will tell you what you are." 606 $aItalians$xFood$zUnited States 606 $aIrish$xFood$zUnited States 606 $aJews$xFood$zUnited States 606 $aImmigrants$zUnited States 606 $aFood habits$zUnited States 606 $aFood habits$zEurope 606 $aFamines$zEurope 615 0$aItalians$xFood 615 0$aIrish$xFood 615 0$aJews$xFood 615 0$aImmigrants 615 0$aFood habits 615 0$aFood habits 615 0$aFamines 676 $a394.108900973 700 $aDiner$b Hasia R$0458823 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778191903321 996 $aHungering for America$93687794 997 $aUNINA