LEADER 04037nam 2200565Ia 450 001 9910778180403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-674-04280-8 024 7 $a10.4159/9780674042803 035 $a(CKB)1000000000786805 035 $a(StDuBDS)AH23050858 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000116521 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11141776 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000116521 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10033467 035 $a(PQKB)10236301 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3300446 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10318439 035 $a(OCoLC)923111432 035 $a(DE-B1597)574363 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674042803 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3300446 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000786805 100 $a20010405d2001 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBy order of the president$b[electronic resource] $eFDR and the internment of Japanese Americans /$fGreg Robinson 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aCambridge, MA $cHarvard University Press$d2001 215 $a1 online resource (336 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-674-00639-9 311 $a0-674-01118-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [264]-310) and index. 327 $aIntroduction 1. A Racial Fear Emerges 2. War Abroad, Suspicion at Home 3. FDR's Decision to Intern 4. Implementing an Undemocratic Policy 5. Covering a Retreat 6. Equal Justice Delayed 7. The President of All the People? Note on Terminology Abbreviations Notes Acknowledgments Index 330 8 $aOn February 19, 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt allowed the removal of Japanese aliens and American citizens of Japanese descent from their homes and incarceration under guard in camps. This book examines the president's central role in the internment and the reasons why.$bOn February 19, 1942, following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and Japanese Army successes in the Pacific, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed a fateful order. In the name of security, Executive Order 9066 allowed for the summary removal of Japanese aliens and American citizens of Japanese descent from their West Coast homes and their incarceration under guard in camps. Amid the numerous histories and memoirs devoted to this shameful event, FDR's contributions have been seen as negligible. Now, using Roosevelt's own writings, his advisors' letters and diaries, and internal government documents, Greg Robinson reveals the president's central role in making and implementing the internment and examines not only what the president did but why. Robinson traces FDR's outlook back to his formative years, and to the early twentieth century's racialist view of ethnic Japanese in America as immutably "foreign" and threatening. These prejudicial sentiments, along with his constitutional philosophy and leadership style, contributed to Roosevelt's approval of the unprecedented mistreatment of American citizens. His hands-on participation and interventions were critical in determining the nature, duration, and consequences of the administration's internment policy. By Order of the President attempts to explain how a great humanitarian leader and his advisors, who were fighting a war to preserve democracy, could have implemented such a profoundly unjust and undemocratic policy toward their own people. It reminds us of the power of a president's beliefs to influence and determine public policy and of the need for citizen vigilance to protect the rights of all against potential abuses. 606 $aJapanese Americans$xForced removal and internment, 1942-1945 615 0$aJapanese Americans$xForced removal and internment, 1942-1945. 676 $a940.53089956073 700 $aRobinson$b Greg$f1966-$0512224 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778180403321 996 $aBy order of the president$93671665 997 $aUNINA