LEADER 04647nam 2200541Ia 450 001 9910777583403321 005 20230403204734.0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000450874 035 $a(EBL)3377697 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000130185 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11147544 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000130185 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10080752 035 $a(PQKB)10346153 035 $a(OCoLC)326709888 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377697 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000450874 100 $a20080919d1987 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aControlling hydrocarbon emissions from tank vessel loading /$fCommittee on Control and Recovery of Hydrocarbon Vapors from Ships and Barges, Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cNational Academy Press,$d1987. 215 $a1 online resource (x, 254 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aIncludes biographies of Committee members. 311 0 $a0-309-08368-0 311 0 $a0-309-57132-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aControlling Hydrocarbon Emissions from Tank Vessel Loading; Copyright; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; Contents; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; THE FEASIBILITY OF VAPOR CONTROL; SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL COMPLEXITY; COSTS AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS; POTENTIAL REGULATORY CONFLICT; CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS; 1 INTRODUCTION; LAWS AND REGULATIONS CONCERNING AIR QUALITY AND MARITIME SAFETY; The Clean Air Act and the States; Coast Guard Authority in Marine Safety; ESTIMATING EMISSIONS; Sources of Emissions; Emission Factors; Vessel Population; Trade; Emissions Calculations; Locations of Emissions 327 $aLoading Ports for Domestic Oil and Gasoline; Loading Ports for Crude Oil and Gasoline Exports; FOCUS FOR ASSESSMENT; 2 CURRENT PRACTICES ON TANK VESSELS; INLAND TANK BARGES; Cargo Handling; Manning Requirements for Loading and Unloading; Loading and Discharging Procedures; TANKSHIPS; Arrangement of Typical Tankship; Combination Carriers; Ocean Barges; Cargo Tank and Pipeline Arrangements; Product and Chemical Carriers; Crude Carriers; Cargo Pumps; Tank Ventilation; Inert Gas Systems; Ballast Arrangements; Segregated Ballast Tanks; Clean Ballast Tanks; Ballast in Cargo Tanks 327 $aUllaging During Loading and Discharging; Manning and Personnel; Deck and Engine Officers; Unlicensed Personnel; Loading Procedures; Unloading Procedures; Washing Cargo Tanks; Water Washing; Crude Oil Washing; 3 VAPOR CONTROL TECHNOLOGY; MAXIMUM CONTROL OF EMISSIONS; Closed Loading of Tank Vessels; Hydrocarbon Vapor Recovery and Disposal Systems; When Combustion Is Preferable to Recovery; When Recovery Is Preferable to Combustion; Recovery Followed by Combustion; Combustion Processes; Open Flares; Enclosed Flares; Incineration; Recovery Processes; Lean Oil Absorption; Direct Refrigeration 327 $aCarbon Bed Adsorption; Alternative and Emerging Technologies; Catalytic Combustion; Vapor-Suppressing Foams; Molecular Layer Vapor Barrier; Biofiltration; Membrane Separation; VAPOR BALANCING AS AN ADJUNCT TO VAPOR CONTROL; OPERATING PROCEDURES TO REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM TANKSHIPS; Ballasting Emissions; Loading Emissions; Loading into Gas-Free Cargo Tanks; Loading to 70 Percent of Capacity; HYDROCARBON VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS: ASSUMPTIONS FOR PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT; Vapor Collection Headers; Tank Gauging and Alarms for Inerted Tank Vessels; Special Considerations for Tank Vessel Inert Gas Systems 327 $aDockside Tank Level and Alarm System for Tank Barge Loading; Vapor-Handling System for Terminals; 4 SAFETY CONCERNS; ACCIDENT SCENARIOS; HISTORICAL ACCIDENT DATA; General Marine Liquid Transfer Accident Data; Marine Liquid Transfer Accidents with Vapor Control and Recovery Systems; Vapor Control and Recovery Systems in the Petrochemical Industry; POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF VAPOR CONTROL AND RECOVERY SYSTEMS; General Hazards; Specific Hazards of Vapor Control and Recovery Systems; Vapor Balancing; Carbon Adsorption; Combustion Systems; Absorption; Refrigeration; TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION 606 $aHydrocarbons 606 $aVapor pressure 606 $aVapors 615 0$aHydrocarbons. 615 0$aVapor pressure. 615 0$aVapors. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910777583403321 996 $aControlling hydrocarbon emissions from tank vessel loading$93843078 997 $aUNINA