LEADER 01544nam 2200469 a 450 001 9910782461703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-16337-X 010 $a9786612163371 010 $a90-272-9917-X 035 $a(CKB)1000000000578443 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC622653 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL622653 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr5000154 035 $a(OCoLC)49855196 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000578443 100 $a20000623d2000 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 200 12$aA history of English reflexive pronouns$b[electronic resource] $eperson, self, and interpretability /$fElly van Gelderen 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia $cJohn Benjamins Pub. Co.$dc2000 215 $axiv, 277 p 225 1 $aLinguistik aktuell =$aLinguistics today ;$vv. 39 311 $a1-55619-988-0 311 $a90-272-2760-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [257]-268) and indexes. 410 0$aLinguistik aktuell ;$vBd. 39. 606 $aEnglish language$xPronoun 606 $aEnglish language$xReflexives 606 $aEnglish language$xGrammar, Historical 615 0$aEnglish language$xPronoun. 615 0$aEnglish language$xReflexives. 615 0$aEnglish language$xGrammar, Historical. 676 $a425 700 $aGelderen$b Elly van$0168043 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910782461703321 996 $aA history of English reflexive pronouns$93675419 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05390nam 2200721Ia 450 001 9910777024303321 005 20230210223740.0 010 $a1-281-22322-0 010 $a9786611223229 010 $a0-226-11061-3 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226110615 035 $a(CKB)1000000000414678 035 $a(EBL)408264 035 $a(OCoLC)268793711 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000153934 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11164496 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000153934 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10406228 035 $a(PQKB)10943685 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC408264 035 $a(DE-B1597)535528 035 $a(OCoLC)824143737 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226110615 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL408264 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10216905 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL122322 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000414678 100 $a19840926d1985 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#---|u||u 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aFederal tax policy and charitable giving /$fCharles T. Clotfelter 210 1$aChicago :$cUniversity of Chicago Press,$d1985. 215 $a1 online resource (xii, 321 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aNational Bureau of Economic Research monograph 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-226-11048-6 320 $aIncludes bibliography and indexes. 327 $tFront matter --$tNational Bureau of Economic Research --$tRelation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research --$tContents --$tPreface --$t1. Tax Policy and Support for the Nonprofit Sector: An Overview --$t2. Contributions by Individuals: Estimates of the Effects of Taxes --$t3. Contributions by Individuals: Simulating the Effects of Tax Policies --$t4. Volunteer Effort --$t5. Corporate Contributions --$t6. Charitable Bequests --$t7. Foundations --$t8. Charitable Giving Behavior and the Evaluation of Tax Policy --$tAppendix A. Description of Pooled Data Set for Individual Contributions --$tAppendix B. Means, Estimated Coefficients, Variances, and Covariances for Individual Giving Equations, I975 --$tAppendix C. Volunteering and Giving in a Simple Model of Individual Behavior --$tAppendix D. Description of National Study of Philanthropy and Related Transformations --$tAppendix E. Calculation of Marginal Tax Rates on Corporate Income --$tAppendix F. Top Marginal Tax Rates on Corporate Net Income, 1936-77 --$tAppendix G. Comparison of Aggregate Tax-Rate Variables --$tReferences --$tAuthor Index --$tSubject Index 330 $aThe United States is distinctive among Western countries in its reliance on nonprofit institutions to perform major social functions. This reliance is rooted in American history and is fostered by federal tax provisions for charitable giving. In this study, Charles T. Clotfelter demonstrates that changes in tax policy-effected through legislation or inflation-can have a significant impact on the level and composition of giving. Clotfelter focuses on empirical analysis of the effects of tax policy on charitable giving in four major areas: individual contributions, volunteering, corporate giving, and charitable bequests. For each area, discussions of economic theory and relevant tax law precede a review of the data and methodology used in econometric studies of charitable giving. In addition, new econometric analyses are presented, as well as empirical data on the effect of taxes on foundations. While taxes are not the most important determinant of contributions, the results of the analyses presented here suggest that charitable deductions, as well as tax rates and other aspects of the tax system, are significant factors in determining the size and distribution of charitable giving. This work is a model for policy-oriented research efforts, but it also supplies a major (and very timely) addition to the evidence that must inform future proposals for tax reform. 410 0$aNational Bureau of Economic Research monograph. 606 $aCharitable bequests$zUnited States$xMathematical models 606 $aCorporations$xCharitable contributions$zUnited States$xMathematical models 606 $aIncome tax deductions for charitable contributions$zUnited States$xMathematical models 606 $aVoluntarism$zUnited States$xMathematical models 610 $agovernment, tax, taxation, taxes, finance, financial, economy, economics, charity, gifts, donations, united states, usa, america, american, western, nonprofit, institutions, institutional, social, history, historical, study, academic, scholarly, research, textbook, education, higher ed, college, university, individual, volunteer, corporate, data, methodology, analysis, reform. 615 0$aCharitable bequests$xMathematical models. 615 0$aCorporations$xCharitable contributions$xMathematical models. 615 0$aIncome tax deductions for charitable contributions$xMathematical models. 615 0$aVoluntarism$xMathematical models. 676 $a336.2/06 676 $a336.206 676 $a336.24 700 $aClotfelter$b Charles T$0140636 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910777024303321 996 $aFederal tax policy and charitable giving$93804726 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04114nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9910791936503321 005 20230126204212.0 010 $a0-674-06479-8 010 $a0-674-06869-6 024 7 $a10.4159/harvard.9780674064799 035 $a(CKB)2560000000082527 035 $a(OCoLC)794003563 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10568053 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000659474 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11376799 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000659474 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10696580 035 $a(PQKB)10112320 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3301109 035 $a(DE-B1597)178155 035 $a(OCoLC)840443332 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674064799 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3301109 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10568053 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000082527 100 $a20110523d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aWe shall be no more$b[electronic resource] $esuicide and self-government in the newly United States /$fRichard Bell 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cHarvard University Press$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (345 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-674-06372-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p.[269]-317) and index. 327 $t Frontmatter -- $tContents -- $tIntroduction: Alarming Progress -- $t1. Suicide and the State of the Union -- $t2. The Sorrows of Young Readers -- $t3. Saving Sinking Strangers -- $t4. Wounds in the Belly of the State -- $t5. The Threshold of Heaven -- $t6. The Problem of Slave Resistance -- $tConclusion: Martyrs on the Altar of the Nation -- $tNotes -- $tAcknowledgments -- $tIndex 330 $aSuicide is a quintessentially individual act, yet one with unexpectedly broad social implications. Though seen today as a private phenomenon, in the uncertain aftermath of the American Revolution this personal act seemed to many to be a public threat that held no less than the fate of the fledgling Republic in its grip.Salacious novelists and eager newspapermen broadcast images of a young nation rapidly destroying itself. Parents, physicians, ministers, and magistrates debated the meaning of self-destruction and whether it could (or should) be prevented. Jailers and justice officials rushed to thwart condemned prisoners who made halters from bedsheets, while abolitionists used slave suicides as testimony to both the ravages of the peculiar institution and the humanity of its victims. Struggling to create a viable political community out of extraordinary national turmoil, these interest groups invoked self-murder as a means to confront the most consequential questions facing the newly united states: What is the appropriate balance between individual liberty and social order? Who owns the self? And how far should the control of the state (or the church, or a husband, or a master) extend over the individual?With visceral prose and an abundance of evocative primary sources, Richard Bell lays bare the ways in which self-destruction in early America was perceived as a transgressive challenge to embodied authority, a portent of both danger and possibility. His unique study of suicide between the Revolution and Reconstruction uncovers what was at stake-personally and politically-in the nation's fraught first decades. 606 $aSuicide in mass media 606 $aSuicide$xMoral and ethical aspects$zUnited States 606 $aSuicide$xPolitical aspects$zUnited States 606 $aSuicide$xSocial aspects$zUnited States 606 $aSuicide$zUnited States$xHistory 615 0$aSuicide in mass media. 615 0$aSuicide$xMoral and ethical aspects 615 0$aSuicide$xPolitical aspects 615 0$aSuicide$xSocial aspects 615 0$aSuicide$xHistory. 676 $a362.280973 700 $aBell$b Richard$f1978-$01475771 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910791936503321 996 $aWe shall be no more$93690075 997 $aUNINA