LEADER 10841nam 2200493 450 001 9910768453203321 005 20230106183505.0 010 $a3-030-81159-X 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7054801 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7054801 035 $a(CKB)24294155100041 035 $a(PPN)263900878 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924294155100041 100 $a20230106d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aHandbook of engineering systems design /$fedited by Anja Maier, Josef Oehmen, Pieter E. Vermaas 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (1040 pages) $cillustrations 311 08$aPrint version: Maier, Anja Handbook of Engineering Systems Design Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783030811587 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: The Engineering Systems Perspective -- 1 Introducing Engineering Systems Design: A New Engineering Perspective on the Challenges of Our Times -- Introduction: Creating a Humane Society -- Core Terms -- Engineering Systems -- The Engineering Systems Perspective -- Engineering Systems Design Interventions -- The Current Context -- Two Connected Developments: From Local to Global and from Separated to Interconnected -- Two Current Challenges: Sustainability and Digitalisation -- Sustainability -- Digitalisation -- Interventions in Engineering Systems: By Design -- Advantages, Concerns, and a Look to the Future of Engineering Systems Design -- The Advantages of Taking an Engineering Systems Design Perspective -- Some Concerns Regarding Engineering Systems Design -- Open Questions for the Future -- Content: The State of the Art of Engineering Systems Design in Five Parts -- Part I: The Engineering Systems Perspective -- Part II: Describing Engineering Systems -- Part III: Designing Engineering Systems Interventions -- Part IV: Reflecting on Engineering Systems Interventions -- Part V: Futures of Engineering Systems Design -- Cross-References -- References -- 2 History of Engineering Systems Design Research and Practice -- Introduction -- Origins -- Approaches to Support the Engineer -- The Wider Development of Systems Thinking -- To the Present Day -- Conclusions -- Cross-References -- References -- 3 Design Perspectives, Theories, and Processes for Engineering Systems Design -- Introduction -- Overcoming Disciplinary Boundaries in Engineering Systems Design -- Multiple Views on an Engineering System -- Engineering Systems as Socio-Technical Systems -- The Role of Design Perspectives, Theories, and Processes -- Overview of the Next Sections. 327 $aTheoretical Perspectives on Design -- The Scope of Design -- Theory Meeting the Challenges of Design -- Perspectives on Designing for Engineering Systems -- Design as Decision-Making -- Design as Rational Problem-Solving -- Design as Reflective Practice -- Design as Addressing Wicked Problems -- Design as a Unique Mode of Thinking -- Design Thinking as a Universal Approach -- Design as a Participatory Activity -- Design as a Holistic Activity Beyond the Artefact -- Section Summary -- Design Theories and Engineering Systems Design -- Design Processes -- Micro-level Procedural Design Process Models -- Meso-Level Procedural Models -- Macro-Level Process Models -- Section Summary -- Application of Design Perspectives, Theories, and Processes to Practical Case Examples -- Conclusions -- Cross-References -- References -- 4 The Evolution of Complex Engineering Systems -- Introduction -- The Evolving Tram System -- Trams in the UK: Decline through Underinvestment -- Trams in Germany -- A Comparison of Approaches -- Characteristics of Complex Socio-Technical Engineering Systems -- Complex Interconnected Socio-Technical Engineering Systems Changing over Time -- Path Dependence -- Engineering Change -- The Engineering Change Process -- The Causes of Engineering Change -- Connectivity Leading to Change across the System -- Connecting Parameters and Margins -- Change Propagation -- Mapping Dependency -- Model Granularity -- Change Prediction -- The Design of Resilient Systems -- Systems Responding to Adverse Effects -- Design for Flexibility -- Anticipating Future Changes -- Conclusions -- Cross-References -- References -- 5 Sustainable Futures from an Engineering Systems Perspective -- What Is Sustainability? -- Emerging Concepts of Sustainability -- Absolute Sustainability to Respect Our Planetary Boundaries -- Engineering´s Role for Sustainability. 327 $aStandardised and Globalised Views on Sustainability -- The Sustainability Challenge to Engineers -- Taking a Life Cycle Perspective -- What Is Design for Sustainability? -- Focus on Ecodesign -- From Ecodesign to Design for Sustainability -- An Engineering Systems Perspective on Sustainability -- Why an Engineering Systems Approach to Sustainability? -- Product as a Service -- Circularity -- Transitioning to Circular Economy -- The Contribution of Engineering Systems to Sustainability -- Conclusions -- Cross-References -- References -- 6 Digitalisation of Society -- Introduction -- Digitisation of Products and Services -- Digitisation of Value Creation -- Digitisation of Business Models -- Societal Challenges and Opportunities of Digitalisation -- Outlook -- Cross-References -- References -- 7 Systems Thinking: Practical Insights on Systems-Led Design in Socio-Technical Engineering Systems -- Introduction -- Socio-Technical Engineering Systems and Complexity -- Systems Thinking and a Brief History -- First Wave of Systems Thinking and Criticisms -- Second Wave of Systems Thinking and Criticisms -- Third Wave of Systems Thinking and Criticisms -- Emerging Fourth Wave of Systems Thinking -- Systems Thinking Dealing with Socio-technical System Challenges -- Systems Thinking and Design Practice: Complementary Approaches -- Systems-Led Design for Socio-technical Engineering Systems -- Current Approaches to Systems-Led Design -- Core Features -- Gaps in the Literature of Systems-Led Design -- Systems-Led Design in the Australian Taxation Office -- The Systems-Led Design Model as Applied to the Australian Taxation Office -- The Systems-Led Design Principles as Applied to the Australian Taxation Office -- Reflections on Applying Systems-Led Design in the Australian Taxation Office -- Systems-Led Design Is Flexible and Should Be Fit for Purpose. 327 $aThere Can Be Trade-Offs in the Framework -- Systems-Led Design Is Most Useful for Complex Problems -- A Stronger Focus on the Whole System Is the Most Reported Shift -- Conclusions -- Cross-References -- References -- Part II: Describing Engineering Systems -- 8 Technical and Social Complexity -- Introduction -- Complexity in Engineering Systems -- From Definitions to Drivers -- Complexity and System Interconnectedness -- Complexity and Multi-Level Decision-Making: Distribution and Composition of Autonomy -- Combining the Two Forces: Interconnected Design Decisions -- Emergence and Socio-technical Complexity Drivers -- Brief Introduction to Emergence -- Emergence in Non-linear and Multi-Agent Systems: Behavioural and Structural -- Engineering Systems and Emergence: Where and How Does It Matter? -- Managing Complexity in Engineering Systems -- Law of Requisite Variety -- Complexity Management Through System´s Architecture -- Modularity -- Multi-Sided Platforms -- Complexity Management Through Governance -- Approaches to Engineering Systems Governance -- Governance of Multi-agent Socio-technical Systems -- Complexity Management and Artificial Intelligence -- Final Remarks and Future Directions -- Cross-References -- References -- 9 Human Behaviour, Roles, and Processes -- Introduction -- Human Behaviour -- Understanding Human Behaviour -- Workload and Mental Stress -- Example: Human Behaviour and the Human-Robot Collaboration -- Processes for Human-Centred Product and System Design -- Analysis of Ergonomic Recommendations -- Ergonomic Specifications During Development - Design Recommendations -- Occupational Safety and Risk Assessment -- Operational and Product Safety -- Example: Operational and Product Safety and the Human-Robot Collaboration -- Roles in the Context of Human-Centred Product/System Design -- Novice and Expert -- Designer and User. 327 $aProcess Roles -- More Roles and Stakeholders -- Typical Roles in Industry -- Psychological Functional Roles -- Example in a Systems Engineering Organisation -- Example: Roles and the Human-Robot Collaboration -- Conclusion -- Cross-References -- References -- 10 Risk, Uncertainty, and Ignorance in Engineering Systems Design -- Introduction: Addressing Uncertainty in Engineering Systems Design - Conceptualising ``Risk Management´´ -- What Is ``Risk Management´´ for Engineering Systems? -- A Sociotechnical Perspective of Risk Management Activities -- Levels of Uncertainty and Level of Value Diversity -- Management of Uncertainties as Modelling and Decision Support Practice -- Personal and Organisational Biases Regarding Risk, Uncertainty, and Ignorance -- Level of Uncertainty: Risk, Uncertainty, and Ignorance -- Level of Value Diversity -- An Engineering Systems Perspective on Managing Risk, Uncertainty, and Ignorance: Addressing Levels of Uncertainty and Levels o... -- Understanding and Managing Risk in Engineering Systems -- Risk Under Conditions of Commensurate Values -- Risk Under Conditions of Incommensurate Values -- Understanding and Managing Uncertainty in Engineering Systems -- Uncertainty Under Conditions of Commensurate Values -- Uncertainty Under Conditions of Incommensurate Values -- Understanding and Managing Ignorance in Engineering Systems -- Ignorance Under Conditions of Commensurate Values -- Ignorance Under Conditions of Incommensurate Values -- Conclusion -- Cross-References -- References -- 11 Properties of Engineering Systems -- Introduction to Properties of Engineering Systems -- What Are Engineering Systems and Why Are They Important? -- Chapter Outline -- Overview of Engineering System Properties and Their Relevance -- Describing Engineering System Properties -- What Are Engineering System Properties?. 327 $aEngineering System Properties as Responses to Challenges. 606 $aEngineering systems 615 0$aEngineering systems. 676 $a620 702 $aMaier$b Anja, 1965- 702 $aOehmen$b Josef 702 $aVermaas$b Pieter E. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910768453203321 996 $aHandbook of engineering systems design$92833305 997 $aUNINA