LEADER 03775oam 2200409 450 001 9910765718303321 005 20230617034342.0 035 $a(CKB)3450000000002780 035 $a(EXLCZ)993450000000002780 100 $a20121018h20042000 fy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurm|#---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aRed scare $eFBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943 /$fRegin Schmidt 210 1$aCopenhagen, Denmark :$cMuseum Tusculanum Press,$d2004 210 4$dİ2000 215 $a1 online resource (391 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 300 $aEnglish revision of thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Copenhagen, 1995. 311 08$a8763500124 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 330 3 $aThe anticommunist crusade of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and its legendary director J. Edgar Hoover during the McCarthy era and the Cold War has attracted much attention from historians during the last decades, but little has been known about the Bureau's political activities during its formative years. This work breaks new ground by tracing the roots of the FBI's political surveillance to the involvement of the Bureau's predecessor, the Bureau of Investigation (BI), in the nation's first period of communist-hunting, the "Red Scare" after World War I. The book is based on the first systematic and comprehensive use of the early BI files from 1908 to 1922, which have only survived on difficult-to-read microfilms deposited in the National Archives, as well as numerous collections of personal papers. The FBI's political surveillance was not a result of popular hysteria, such as scholars used to claim, or a rational response to communist spying and the Cold War confrontation, such as a number of historians have recently argued. Instead, it was an integrated part of the attempt by the modern federal state, rooted in the Progressive Era, to regulate and control any organized opposition to the political, economic and social order, such as organized labor, radical movements and African-American protest. The detailed reconstruction of the BI's role in the Red Scare during 1919 and 1920 shows that the federal intelligence officials played a crucial role in initiating the anticommunist hysteria in the United States. Despite its small staff, the BI was able to influence national events by exchanging information with a network of patriotic groups, assisting local authorities in drafting antiradical legislation and prosecuting radicals, and using congressional committees to spread its message. The Bureau also strove to discredit the strike wave and race riots of 1919 as the work of communists. The account also throws new light on such dramatic and controversial events as the Seattle General Strike, the Centralia Massacre, and the deportation of the famous anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. The book shows how entrenched political surveillance had become by the early 1920's and how it continued until World War II and the Cold War. 606 $aAnti-communist movements$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aIntelligence service$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aInternal security$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y1919-1933 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y1933-1945 615 0$aAnti-communist movements$xHistory 615 0$aIntelligence service$xHistory 615 0$aInternal security$xHistory 676 $a364.1/31 700 $aSchmidt$b Regin$0876293 801 2$bUkMaJRU 912 $a9910765718303321 996 $aRed scare$91956930 997 $aUNINA