LEADER 03920nam 22006973 450 001 9910760601103321 005 20240419001038.0 010 $a963-386-621-9 024 7 $a10.1515/9789633866214 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC29469924 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL29469924 035 $a(OCoLC)1411310339 035 $a(DE-B1597)637785 035 $a(DE-B1597)9789633866214 035 $a(CKB)29085418500041 035 $a(EXLCZ)9929085418500041 100 $a20231129d2023 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Beginnings of Anti-Jewish Legislation $eThe 1920 Numerus Clausus Law in Hungary 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aBudapest :$cCentral European University Press,$d2023. 210 4$d©2023. 215 $a1 online resource (260 pages) 311 $a963-386-620-0 327 $aThe genesis of the law -- The first decade of the numerus clausus and the racial clause -- The amendment of the numerus clausus law and the restoration of the explicit Jewish quota. 330 $a"The Nazi 1933 Civil Service Law and the 1935 Nuremberg Laws are generally considered the first anti-Jewish decrees in Europe. Ma?ria Kova?cs convincingly argues that Act XXV of 1920 concerning university enrollment in Hungary can instead be considered one of the first pieces of twentieth-century anti-Jewish legislation - if not the very first. This act, known as the "numerus clausus law," specified that members of a single "nationality" or "people's race" could not be admitted at a higher rate than their share in the total population. The law especially targeted Jews, who represented 6% of the inhabitants yet, until then, about 25% of university students. The study presents the history of the law, including its amendment in 1928, the re-introduction of the Jewish quota in 1939, and its abolition in 1945. By describing the conditions after the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, Kova?cs shows in what ways these events, and especially how the numerus clausus law, affected the Jews. The law heralded a new line of political thought. According to it, the "Jewish question" could only be solved by special laws that denied their equality before the law. In this sense, the numerus clausus law was just as much a "Jewish law" as the four acts, explicitly labeled as such, passed by the Hungarian Parliament between May 1938 and September 1942"--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aNumerus clausus$zHungary$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aJews$xLegal status, laws, etc$zHungary$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aAntisemitism$zHungary$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aJews$xEducation$zHungary$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aRace defilement (Nuremberg Laws of 1935) 606 $aCivil service$zHungary$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aHISTORY / Jewish$2bisacsh 606 $aLAW / Legal History$2bisacsh 610 $aAnti-Jewish Laws. 610 $aAntisemitism. 610 $aInterwar Hungary. 610 $aJewish Question. 615 0$aNumerus clausus$xHistory 615 0$aJews$xLegal status, laws, etc.$xHistory 615 0$aAntisemitism$xHistory 615 0$aJews$xEducation$xHistory 615 0$aRace defilement (Nuremberg Laws of 1935) 615 0$aCivil service$xHistory 615 7$aHISTORY / Jewish 615 7$aLAW / Legal History 676 $a342.43908/73 686 $aHIS022000$aLAW060000$2bisacsh 700 $aKovács$b M. Mária$f1953-2020.$01734847 712 02$aOpening the Future$4fnd$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/fnd 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910760601103321 996 $aThe Beginnings of Anti-Jewish Legislation$94153586 997 $aUNINA