LEADER 05428nam 22009255 450 001 9910746981303321 005 20241205203104.0 010 $a9783031412721 010 $a3031412729 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-41272-1 035 $a(CKB)5860000000447948 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31063538 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31063538 035 $a(OCoLC)1417757426 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-41272-1 035 $a(EXLCZ)995860000000447948 100 $a20231009d2024 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aSex Differences in Reading and Math Test Scores of Children $eA Heterodoxical Model /$fby Hoben Thomas 205 $a1st ed. 2024. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer Nature Switzerland :$cImprint: Springer,$d2024. 215 $a1 online resource (112 pages) 225 1 $aMonographs in the Psychology of Education,$x2662-7582 311 08$a9783031412714 311 08$a3031412710 327 $aChapter 1. Math and Reading Inequalities: The Key to Understanding Sex Differences -- Chapter 2. Math and Reading Literature?s Ubiquitous Inequalities -- Chapter 3. Method Difficulties and Varying Viewpoints -- Chapter 4. Math and Reading Genetical and Probability Models -- Chapter 5. Math and Reading Model Applications -- Chapter 6. Math and Reading Summaries, Clarifications, and Model Extensions. 330 $aThis open access book examines why reading and math test scores for boys and girls have differed since the origins of testing in the United States. It details the pattern of differences that have remained largely unchanged for more than 100 years in the United States and worldwide. The book explores why boys have modestly larger math test score means than girls, and why girls have far larger reading test score means than boys. Boys have larger test score variances for both tasks. The only data of focus?and thus the only data to be explained?are boys? and girls? test score sample means and variances. In addition, the book provides the only coherent theory of gender differences explaining math and reading test score means and variances obtained in observational settings. It develops the simple genetical idea framed within a finite probability mixture model; it provides parameter estimates and displays numerous estimated probability distributions associated with the selected accessible studies chosen for analysis; and it extends the theory and provides explanations for never understood puzzling features of test score data. The book requires no auxiliary sources, although some understanding of random variables and probability theory is required to follow the formalization. It contains all technical details, including the estimation procedure and an R code implementation. Key areas of coverage include: Extensive literature summary from a unique data inequalities perspective. Perspective that challenges existing viewpoints on sex differences, falsifying conventional perspectives. Illustrates probability modeling of psychological data. Illustrates the failure of conventional statistics to explain data and the need for modeling data. Sex Differences in Reading and Math Test Scores of Children is an invaluable resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students in educational psychology, teaching and teacher education, literacy / language teaching and learning, mathematics education, curriculum studies, developmental psychology, statistics, and all interrelated disciplines. 410 0$aMonographs in the Psychology of Education,$x2662-7582 606 $aEducational psychology 606 $aSchool Psychology 606 $aSocial psychiatry 606 $aTeachers$xTraining of 606 $aDevelopmental psychology 606 $aPublic health 606 $aEducational Psychology 606 $aSchool Psychology 606 $aClinical Social Work 606 $aTeaching and Teacher Education 606 $aDevelopmental Psychology 606 $aPublic Health 606 $aPsicologia pedagògica$2thub 606 $aPsicologia escolar$2thub 606 $aDiferències entre sexes en l'educació$2thub 606 $aTests de lectura$2thub 606 $aTests i proves en educació$2thub 606 $aMatemàtica$2thub 606 $aInfants$2thub 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 0$aEducational psychology. 615 0$aSchool Psychology. 615 0$aSocial psychiatry. 615 0$aTeachers$xTraining of. 615 0$aDevelopmental psychology. 615 0$aPublic health. 615 14$aEducational Psychology. 615 24$aSchool Psychology. 615 24$aClinical Social Work. 615 24$aTeaching and Teacher Education. 615 24$aDevelopmental Psychology. 615 24$aPublic Health. 615 7$aPsicologia pedagògica 615 7$aPsicologia escolar 615 7$aDiferències entre sexes en l'educació 615 7$aTests de lectura 615 7$aTests i proves en educació 615 7$aMatemàtica 615 7$aInfants 676 $a370.15 700 $aThomas$b Hoben$01461135 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910746981303321 996 $aSex Differences in Reading and Math Test Scores of Children$93663797 997 $aUNINA