LEADER 05054nam 22005775 450 001 9910746090803321 005 20230912155640.0 010 $a3-031-34511-8 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-34511-1 035 $a(CKB)28208978800041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC30740747 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL30740747 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-34511-1 035 $a(EXLCZ)9928208978800041 100 $a20230912d2023 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aJudging the Past $eEthics, History and Memory /$fby Geoffrey Scarre 205 $a1st ed. 2023. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer Nature Switzerland :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2023. 215 $a1 online resource (244 pages) 311 $a9783031345104 327 $a1 Prelude: The Demo(li)tion of Edward Colston -- 2 Introduction -- 1 The Problems of Access and Relevance -- 2 The Past as both Foreign and Familiar -- 3 When ?Jagged Worldviews Collide? -- 3 The Relativity of Distance -- 1 Williams on the Relativity of (Temporal) Distance -- 2 Internal and External Reasons -- 3 Justice -- 4 Choosing a Standpoint -- 1 ?Take Nature?s Path, and Mad Opinions Leave? (Alexander Pope) -- 2 Reason and Sentiment in Sociable Living -- 3 Sociability in the Kingdom of Ends -- 5 Agents, Acts and the Relativity of Blame -- 1 Witches and Slaves: The Bearing of Ideology on Moral Responsibility -- 2 Fricker and the Relativity of Blame -- 3 The Scope and Limits of Conscience -- 4 Siuation-Adjusted Moral Judgements -- 6 Interlude: A Late-Medieval ?Hand-List? of Offences against Sociability: Or, Plus ça change, plus c?est la même chose -- 7 History: Morally Heavy or Morally Light? -- 1 To Judge, or Not to Judge? -- 2 Defining the Historian?s Role(s): A Short History of History -- 3 History and Human Self-Knowledge -- 8 The Morality of Memory -- 1 The Need to Remember -- 2 Warts-and-all History (But Not Forgetting the Beauty-Spots) 172 9 Historical Biography: Giving the Dead Their Due -- 1 Who Should Be Remembered? -- 2 Historical Biography and its Pitfalls -- 3 Reputation and the Passage of Time -- 10 Postlude: ?Consider the Ant?. 330 $aThis book presents an extended argument for the thesis that people of the present day are not debarred in principle from passing moral judgement on people who lived in former days, notwithstanding the inevitable differences in social and cultural circumstances that separate us. Some philosophers argue that because we can see things only from our own peculiar historical situation, we lack a sufficiently objective vantage point from which to appraise past people and their acts. If they are correct, then the judgements passed by twenty-first-century people must inevitably be biased and irrelevant, grounded on moral standards that would have seemed alien in that 'foreign country' of the past. This book challenges this relativistic position, contending that it seriously underestimates our ability to engage imaginatively with people who, however much their lifestyles may have differed from our own, were our fellow human beings, endowed with the same basic instincts, aversions, desires and aspirations. Taking a stand on a naturalistic theory of human beings, coupled with a Kantian conception of the equal worth of all human members of the Kingdom of Ends, Scarre argues that historical moral judgements can be sensitive to circumstances, fitting and fair, and untainted by anachronism. The discussion ends by examining the implications of this position for the practice of historians and for the ethics of memory and commemoration. Geoffrey Scarre is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Durham University, UK, where he has taught and published extensively in moral philosophy and applied ethics for more than three decades. In recent years he has focused particularly on the topics of death and aging, cultural-heritage ethics, and on the ethics of archaeology. His six monographs include Utilitarianism (1996), Death (2007) and On Courage (2010). He has also co-edited The Ethics of Archaeology (2006) and Appropriating the Past (2013), and edited The Palgrave Handbook of the Philosophy of Aging (2013). 606 $aEthics 606 $aHistory$xPhilosophy 606 $aHistoriography 606 $aHistory$xMethodology 606 $aMoral Philosophy and Applied Ethics 606 $aPhilosophy of History 606 $aHistoriography and Method 615 0$aEthics. 615 0$aHistory$xPhilosophy. 615 0$aHistoriography. 615 0$aHistory$xMethodology. 615 14$aMoral Philosophy and Applied Ethics. 615 24$aPhilosophy of History. 615 24$aHistoriography and Method. 676 $a701 676 $a701 700 $aScarre$b Geoffrey$0537838 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910746090803321 996 $aJudging the Past$93563135 997 $aUNINA