LEADER 01065cam0-22003251i-4500 001 990006821480403321 005 20170303152144.0 035 $a000682148 035 $aFED01000682148 035 $a(Aleph)000682148FED01 035 $a000682148 100 $a20010426d1996----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aita 102 $aIT 105 $ay-------001yy 200 1 $aMussolini e la Repubblica di Weimar$ele relazioni diplomatiche tra Italia e Germania dal 1927 al 1933$fFederico Scarano 210 $aNapoli$cGiannini$d1996 215 $a592 p.$d21 cm 225 1 $aQuaderni della Facoltà di scienze politiche$fUniversità di Napoli$v42 610 0 $aItalia e Germania$aRelazioni diplomatiche$a1927-1933 676 $a327.45043$v20$zita 700 1$aScarano,$bFederico$f<1963- >$0250444 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gREICAT$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990006821480403321 952 $aUNIV. 24 (42)$b27306$fFSPBC 952 $aXIII B 795$b27310$fFSPBC 959 $aFSPBC 996 $aMussolini e la Repubblica di Weimar$9633913 997 $aUNINA LEADER 08913nam 22005052 450 001 9910737271603321 005 20230927235235.0 010 $a90-04-50936-4 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004509368 035 $a(CKB)5850000000058814 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004509368 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31218658 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31218658 035 $a(EXLCZ)995850000000058814 100 $a20220903d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurun#---uuuua 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aHybrid threats and the law of the sea $euse of force and discriminatory navigational restrictions in straits /$fAlexander Lott 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aLeiden ;$aBoston :$cBrill | Nijhoff,$d2022. 215 $a302 pages 225 1 $aInternational Straits of the World ;$v19 311 0 $a90-04-50935-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPreface?? -- Acknowledgements?? -- List of Illustrations?? -- Abbreviations and Euphemisms?? -- part 1?? -- The Meaning of Straits and Hybrid Threats? -- 1??? The Implications of Hybrid Threats to the Maritime Domain?? -- 2??? The Legal Concept and Classification of Straits?? -- 2.1 The Legal Concept of a Strait -- 2.2 The Legal Classification of Straits -- 2.3 The Law of Naval Warfare in Straits and Its Relation to the Law of the Sea -- 3??? The Concept of Hybrid Threats?? -- 3.1 The Meaning of Hybrid Conflicts -- 3.2 Differences between the Rules on the Use of Force in Maritime Law Enforcement Operations and Armed Conflicts -- 3.3 The Meaning of Hybrid Warfare -- part 2?? -- Use of Force in Maritime Hybrid Warfare? -- 4??? Permit-Based Passage v. Transit Passage in an Occupied Area ? The 2018 Kerch Strait Incident and the 2022 Ukraine-Russia Naval Warfare??? -- 4.1 The Kerch Strait Incident and Its Implications for the Passage Regime in the Sea of Azov -- 4.2 Freedom of Navigation of Ukrainian and Russian Ships in the Kerch Strait -- 4.3 A Critical Analysis of Ukraine?s Arguments about the Applicability of Transit Passage to Ships and Aircraft in/over the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait -- 4.4 The Significance of 2003 Bilateral Treaties for the Passage Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.5 The Sea of Azov as a Potential Historic Bay and Its Implications for the Regime of Passage in the Kerch Strait under Article 35(a) of losc -- 4.6 The Importance of the Obligation of Non-recognition for the Passage Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.7 Parallel Legal Regimes vs Sui Generis? Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.8 The Kerch Strait as a Belligerent Strait -- 5??? Use of Force against Sovereign Immune Vessels ? Law Enforcement v. Humanitarian Law Paradigm??? -- 5.1 In dubio pro jus in bello? -- 5.2 Threshold of an Armed Attack in a Hybrid Naval Conflict -- 5.3 Distinction between Law Enforcement and Humanitarian Law Paradigms -- 6??? Iran-Israel ?Shadow War? in Waters around the Arabian Peninsula and Incidents near the Bab el-Mandeb?? -- 6.1 Legal Regime of the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.2 Geopolitical Characteristics of the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.3 Terrorism and Piracy in and near the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.4 Armed Conflict in Yemen -- 6.5 Background of the Iran-Israel Conflict -- 6.6 Problems with Attributing State Responsibility -- 6.7 Non-state Actors and Article 51 of the UN Charter -- 7??? Russia?s Military Operations in the Territories of the Viro Strait?s Coastal States?? -- 7.1 Geographical and Geopolitical Characteristics of the Viro Strait -- 7.2 The Legal Regime of the Viro Strait -- 7.3 Foreign Military Activities in the Viro Strait: Incursions of Foreign Submarines and Military Aircraft -- part 3?? -- Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Hybrid Conflicts? -- 8??? Discriminatory Prohibition of the Right of Transit Passage of a Commercial Ship ? The Arrest of Stena Impero by Iran??? -- 8.1 Geographical and Geopolitical Characteristics of the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.2 Legal Regime of the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.3 The 2019 Stena Impero? Incident and the Traffic Separation Scheme in the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.4 Parallel Passage Regimes in the Strait of Hormuz? -- 8.5 Significance of Iranian Internal Waters for the Passage Regime in the Strait of Hormuz -- 9??? Tensions in and over the Taiwan Strait in 2021?? -- 9.1 Legal and Geographical Characteristics of the Taiwan Strait -- 9.2 Navigation in the Taiwan Strait in the Light of Recent Developments in China?s Legislation -- 9.3 Geopolitical Tensions in the Taiwan Strait and Intrusions of Taiwan?s Air Defence Identification Zone -- 10??? Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in the Kerch Strait in Respect of Foreign Commercial Ships?? -- 10.1 The Significance of the Kerch Strait for Commerce -- 10.2 Restrictions on Foreign Commercial Ships? Navigation through the Kerch Strait -- 11??? Discriminatory Prohibition of the Right of Innocent Passage of a Commercial Ship ? The Vironia Incident in the Gulf of Finland??? -- 11.1 Right of Innocent Passage in the Eastern Gulf of Finland from 1920s to 2000 -- 11.2 The Russian Federation?s Maritime Zones in the Gulf of Finland -- 11.3 The Vironia? Incident in the Gulf of Finland and Its Aftermath -- 11.4 Potential Legal Basis of the Russian Federation?s Permit-Based Passage Regime in the Gulf of Finland -- part 4?? -- Major Maritime Industrial Projects, Piracy, and Unidentified Soldiers? -- 12??? The Nord Stream Project and Estonian-Russian Incidents in the Viro Strait?? -- 12.1 Link between Industrial Projects and Maritime Security -- 12.2 The Significance of the Viro Strait?s eez Corridor for the Nord Stream Project -- 12.3 Marine Scientific Research in the Context of Seabed Studies on the Pipeline Route -- 12.4 The Incident between the Estonian Coast Guard and Russian Research Vessels in the Viro Strait?s eez Corridor -- 12.5 Permit-Based Marine Scientific Research in an eez: Estonia?s Decision to Deny Seabed Surveys -- 13??? Countering the Threat of ?Little Green Men? in the ?Å?land Strait?? -- 13.1 Geopolitical Characteristics of the Åland Strait and Preparations to Counter Unidentified Soldiers on the Åland Islands -- 13.2 Legal Regime of the Åland Strait -- 14??? Threats of Piracy in the Straits of Malacca, Sunda, Lombok?? -- 14.1 Legal and Geopolitical Characteristics -- 14.2 Threats of Piracy in Indonesia and the Straits of Malacca and Singapore -- part 5?? -- Concluding Observations on the Implications of Hybrid Threats for Maritime Security Law? -- 15??? A Need for a New Legal Framework on Hybrid Naval Warfare??? -- 16??? Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in the Context of Hybrid Conflicts?? -- 17??? Low-Intensity Use of Force (Hybrid Warfare) through the Prism of Law Enforcement and an Armed Attack?? -- 18??? Guidelines for Distinguishing between the Rules of Armed Conflict and Law Enforcement in Grey Zone Naval Incidents?? -- 18.1 Use of Force by State Vessels against Attacks Launched from Commercial Ships -- 18.2 Use of Force against a Commercial Ship in a Law Enforcement Operation -- 18.3 State vs State Scenario -- Bibliography?? -- Chronological Table of International Instruments?? -- Table of National Legislation?? -- Chronological Table of Cases?? -- Chronological List of Maps?? -- Index. 330 3 $a"Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea debates the practice of states that have resorted to discriminatory navigational restrictions or aggression against foreign ships and aircraft in densely navigated straits. The book explores both widely acknowledged and lesser-known maritime incidents that meet the characteristics of hybrid warfare or hybrid conflict. This research approaches hybrid threats from the perspective of the interrelationship between navigational restrictions, law enforcement, armed attack, and the legal regime of straits. It provides guidance for determining whether the rules of armed conflict or law enforcement are applicable to various naval incidents."--editor. 410 0$aInternational Straits of the World ;$v19. 517 3 $aUse of force and discriminatory navigational restrictions in straits 606 $aLaw of the sea$9eng$2EUROVOC 606 $aStraits$9eng$2EUROVOC 606 $aWar, Maritime (International law)$9eng$2EUROVOC 615 0$aLaw of the sea. 615 0$aStraits. 615 0$aWar, Maritime (International law) 676 $a341 701 $aLott$b Alexander$01193327 801 0$bNL-LeKB 801 1$bNL-LeKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910737271603321 996 $aHybrid threats and the law of the sea$93554393 997 $aUNINA