LEADER 04800oam 22006614a 450 001 9910735085103321 005 20251116152024.0 010 $a0-253-06903-3 035 $a(CKB)27917454100041 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)musev2_113352 035 $a(ScCtBLL)f89feb1e-c555-49f2-8e59-42950082d2f2 035 $a(EXLCZ)9927917454100041 100 $a19980212d1998 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|||||||nn|n 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aGender, Race, and Politics in the Midwest $eBlack Club Women in Illinois /$fWanda A. Hendricks 210 1$aBloomington :$cIndiana University Press,$d[1998] 210 4$dİ[1998] 215 $a1 online resource 225 0 $aBlacks in the diaspora. 311 08$a0-253-33447-0 327 $aThe movement to organize race women -- "Loyalty to women and justice to children": the Illinois Federation of Colored Women's Clubs -- Agents of social welfare -- Race riots, the NAACP, and female suffrage: the national movement -- "I am doing it for the future benefit of my whole race": agents of political inclusion -- The Politics of race: Chicago -- "To fill a reported industrial need": the great migration, race women, and the end of an era. 330 $aDuring the thirty year period from 1890 to 1920, the African American club women in Illinois helped establish the largest national network of black club women in the country, The National Association of Colored Women, created hundreds of female associations, organized the only federation of its kind in the state, The Illinois Federation of Colored Women, and cast ballots for the first black elected to the city council. Hendricks focuses on the Progressive Era, a period of numerous and unusual challenges not replicated in other regions of the country. Illinois and several of the other Midwestern states were affected by the burgeoning industrial economy and by the massive immigration of African American seeking economic opportunity. Chicago, by 1920, housed one of the largest and most urbanized black communities in the country. While few legal social and political restrictions were imposed on blacks, the state was the site of some of the worst race riots in the nation during the first two decades of the twentieth century. Club women successfully met these challenges by becoming social and political agents of reform and community uplift. Through their own volunteerism and fundraising they combated the problems of homelessness, unemployment, illiteracy, high mortality, and inadequate health care that plagued African Americans. They opened kindergartens, day nurseries, orphanages, settlement houses, elderly homes, recreation centers, and medical care facilities. They also demonstrated their political prowess by developing a gendered political culture. They formed suffrage clubs, entered public debates on major issues and voiced their opinions on the importance of holding politicians accountable for their actions. The Illinois club women also played a primary role in the election of Oscar Stanton DePriest as the first black alderman in Chicago. 606 $aSchwarze Frau$2gnd 606 $aVerein$2gnd 606 $aRace relations$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01086509 606 $aAfrican Americans$xSocial conditions$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00799698 606 $aAfrican Americans$xPolitics and government$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00799659 606 $aAfrican American women$xSocieties and clubs$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00799469 606 $aAfrican American women$xPolitical activity$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00799461 606 $aAfrican Americans$zIllinois$xPolitics and government 606 $aAfrican Americans$zIllinois$xSocial conditions 606 $aAfrican American women$xPolitical activity$zIllinois$xHistory 606 $aAfrican American women$zIllinois$xSocieties and clubs$xHistory 607 $aIllinois$2gnd 607 $aIllinois$2fast 607 $aIllinois$xRace relations 615 7$aSchwarze Frau. 615 7$aVerein. 615 7$aRace relations. 615 7$aAfrican Americans$xSocial conditions. 615 7$aAfrican Americans$xPolitics and government. 615 7$aAfrican American women$xSocieties and clubs. 615 7$aAfrican American women$xPolitical activity. 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xPolitics and government. 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aAfrican American women$xPolitical activity$xHistory. 615 0$aAfrican American women$xSocieties and clubs$xHistory. 700 $aHendricks$b Wanda A.$01184474 801 0$bMdBmJHUP 801 1$bMdBmJHUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910735085103321 996 $aGender, Race, and Politics in the Midwest$93455925 997 $aUNINA