LEADER 01549nam 2200397 n 450 001 996393077503316 005 20221108101151.0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000686672 035 $a(EEBO)2264216057 035 $a(UnM)9958650800971 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000686672 100 $a19970919d1699 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||a|bb| 200 10$aQuerical demonstrations, writ by Prince Butler, author of the eleven queries relating to the bill for prohibiting East-India silks and printed callicoes$b[electronic resource] 210 $a[London $cs.n.$d1699?] 215 $a1 sheet ([1] p.) 300 $aImprint from Wing. 300 $aWith a docket title. 300 $aThis item appears in two consecutive copies of the same edition filmed in sequence. 300 $aReproduction of the originals in the British Library. 330 $aeebo-0018 606 $aTextile industry$zEngland$vEarly works to 1800 606 $aEast India Company$xAdministration$vEarly works to 1800 607 $aEngland and Wales$xCommerce$zIndia$vEarly works to 1800 615 0$aTextile industry 615 0$aEast India Company$xAdministration 700 $aButler$cPrince.$01007045 801 0$bCu-RivES 801 1$bCu-RivES 801 2$bCStRLIN 801 2$bCu-RivES 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996393077503316 996 $aQuerical demonstrations, writ by Prince Butler, author of the eleven queries relating to the bill for prohibiting East-India silks and printed callicoes$92318953 997 $aUNISA LEADER 04412nam 2200349zn 450 001 9910714518603321 005 20230609082102.0 035 $a(CKB)3710000000293053 035 $a(NjHacI)993710000000293053 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000293053 100 $a20230609d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAnimal Waste and Water Quality $eEPA Regulation of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) (RL31851) /$fClaudia Copeland 210 1$aWashington, Distric of Columbia :$cCongressional Research Service,$d2010. 215 $a1 online resource (21 pages) 330 $aAccording to the Environmental Protection Agency, the release of waste from animal feedlots to surface water, groundwater, soil, and air is associated with a range of human health and ecological impacts and contributes to degradation of the nation's surface waters. The most dramatic ecological impacts are massive fish kills. A variety of pollutants in animal waste can affect human health, including causing infections of the skin, eye, ear, nose, and throat. Contaminants from manure can also affect human health by polluting drinking water sources. Although agricultural activities are generally not subject to requirements of environmental law, discharges of waste from large concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the nation's waters are regulated under the Clean Water Act. In the late 1990s, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated a review of the Clean Water Act rules that govern these discharges, which had not been revised since the 1970s, despite structural and technological changes in some components of the animal agriculture industry that have occurred during the last two decades. A proposal to revise the existing rules was released by the Clinton Administration in December 2000. The Bush Administration promulgated final revised regulations in December 2002; the rules took effect in February 2003. The final rules are generally viewed as less stringent than the proposal, a fact that strongly influences how interest groups have responded to them. Agriculture groups have said that the final rules are workable, and they are pleased that some of the proposed requirements were scaled back, such as changes that would have made thousands more CAFOs subject to regulation. However, some continue to question EPA's authority to issue portions of the rules. Many states had been seeking more flexible approaches than EPA had proposed and welcomed the fact that the final rules retain the status quo to a large extent. Environmentalists contend that the rules rely too heavily on voluntary measures and fail to require improved technology. This report describes the revised environmental rules, the background of previous Clean Water Act rules and the Clinton Administration proposal, and perspectives of key interest groups on the proposal and final regulations. It also identifies several issues likely to be of congressional interest as implementation of the revised rules proceeds. Issues include adequacy of funding for implementing the rules, research needs, oversight of implementation of the rules, and possible need for legislation. The report is intended to provide background and will not be updated. The revised CAFO rules were challenged by multiple parties, and in February 2005, a federal court issued a ruling that upheld major parts of the rules, vacated other parts, and remanded still other parts to EPA for clarification. In June 2006, EPA proposed revisions to the rules in response to the 2005 court decision; for information on the status of this proposal, see CRS Report RL33656, Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA's Response to the "Waterkeeper Alliance" Court Decision on Regulation of CAFOs, which will be updated as warranted by developments. 606 $aFeedlot runoff$xEnvironmental aspects 606 $aFeedlots$xEnvironmental aspects$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 615 0$aFeedlot runoff$xEnvironmental aspects. 615 0$aFeedlots$xEnvironmental aspects$xGovernment policy 676 $a631.45 700 $aCopeland$b Claudia$01360829 801 0$bNjHacI 801 1$bNjHacl 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910714518603321 996 $aAnimal Waste and Water Quality$93382095 997 $aUNINA