LEADER 01619nam 2200409 a 450 001 9910698709703321 005 20090428154232.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002396763 035 $a(OCoLC)319547883 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002396763 100 $a20090428d2008 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aTransportation security$b[electronic resource] $eTSA has developed a risk-based covert testing program, but could better mitigate aviation security vulnerabilities identified through covert tests : report to the Chairman, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives 210 1$a[Washington, D.C.] :$cU.S. Govt. Accountability Office,$d[2008] 215 $aii, 45 pages $cdigital, PDF file 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed on Apr. 22, 2009). 300 $a"August 2008." 300 $a"GAO-08-958." 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 517 $aTransportation security 606 $aAirports$xSecurity measures$zUnited States$xTesting 606 $aAirline passenger security screening$zUnited States 606 $aTerrorism$zUnited States$xPrevention 615 0$aAirports$xSecurity measures$xTesting. 615 0$aAirline passenger security screening 615 0$aTerrorism$xPrevention. 712 02$aUnited States.$bCongress.$bHouse.$bCommittee on Homeland Security. 801 0$bGPO 801 1$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910698709703321 996 $aTransportation security$93454925 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06417oam 22013574 450 001 9910966760303321 005 20250426110716.0 010 $a9781475506419 010 $a1475506414 010 $a9781475534627 010 $a1475534620 035 $a(CKB)2670000000234716 035 $a(EBL)1606798 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000941795 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11498814 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000941795 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10964064 035 $a(PQKB)10310997 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1606798 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10590648 035 $a(OCoLC)795921914 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012155 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012155 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1606798 035 $aWPIEA2012155 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000234716 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBanks' Liability Structure and Mortgage Lending During the Financial Crisis /$fJihad Dagher, Kazim Kazimov 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (45 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781475504460 311 08$a1475504462 311 08$a9781475562835 311 08$a1475562837 327 $aCover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Data and Summary Statistics; A. Data; B. Summary Statistics; III. Bank Lending During the Crisis; A. Empirical Strategy; B. Model Specification; C. Definition of the Crisis Period; D. Benchmark Results; E. Matching; 1. Balancing tests; 2. Regressions on the matched sub-samples; F. Demand for Credit; IV. Aggregate Supply Effects; A. Motivation and Empirical Strategy; B. Results; V. Conclusion; Figures; 1. Volume of Originations; 2. Rejection Rates; 3. TED Spread; 4. Distribution of CD/A in 2005 Across Banks; 5. House Prices and Housing Supply Elasticity 327 $a6. Distribution of Average CD/A in 2005 across MSAsTables; 1. Summary Statistics; 2. Selecting the Crisis Year, 2007 vs. 2008; 3. LPM Baselines and Robustness; 4. LPM and Logit for the Matched Sample; 5. MSA Level Estimations; 6. Balancing Tests for Two Way Matching; 7. Demand for Mortgages 2005-2008; 8. Aggregate Supply 2005-2008; References; Data Appendix 330 3 $aWe examine the impact of banks? exposure to market liquidity shocks through wholesale funding on their supply of credit during the financial crisis in the United States. We focus on mortgage lending to minimize the impact of confounding demand factors that could potentially be large when comparing banks? overall lending across heterogeneous categories of credit. The disaggregated data on mortgage applications that we use allows us to study the time variations in banks? decisions to grant mortgage loans, while controlling for bank, borrower, and regional characteristics. The wealth of data also allows us to carry out matching exercises that eliminate imbalances in observable applicant characteristics between wholesale and retail banks, as well as various other robustness tests. We find that banks that were more reliant on wholesale funding curtailed their credit significantly more than retail-funded banks during the crisis. The demand for mortgage credit, on the other hand, declined evenly across wholesale and retail banks. To understand the aggregate implications of our findings, we exploit the heterogeneity in mortgage funding across U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and find that wholesale funding was a strong and significant predictor of a sharper decline in overall mortgage credit at the MSA level. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/155 606 $aLiquidity (Economics) 606 $aBanks and banking$zUnited States 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aCredit$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aFinancial Crises$2imf 606 $aFinancial institutions$2imf 606 $aHousing prices$2imf 606 $aHousing Supply and Markets$2imf 606 $aHousing$2imf 606 $aIncome$2imf 606 $aIndustries: Financial Services$2imf 606 $aLoans$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aMoney$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aNational accounts$2imf 606 $aPersonal income$2imf 606 $aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aProperty & real estate$2imf 606 $aReal Estate$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 0$aLiquidity (Economics) 615 0$aBanks and banking 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aBanks and banking 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aCredit 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aFinancial Crises 615 7$aFinancial institutions 615 7$aHousing prices 615 7$aHousing Supply and Markets 615 7$aHousing 615 7$aIncome 615 7$aIndustries: Financial Services 615 7$aLoans 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aMoney 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aNational accounts 615 7$aPersonal income 615 7$aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aProperty & real estate 615 7$aReal Estate 676 $a300 700 $aDagher$b Jihad$01816208 701 $aKazimov$b Kazim$01816209 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910966760303321 996 $aBanks' Liability Structure and Mortgage Lending During the Financial Crisis$94372005 997 $aUNINA