LEADER 01771oam 2200517Ia 450 001 9910698677303321 005 20090106154956.0 035 $a(CKB)3830000000006135 035 $a(OCoLC)45393785 035 $a(EXLCZ)993830000000006135 100 $a20001025d1997 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAddressing community gang problems$b[electronic resource] $ea model for problem-solving /$fBJA, Bureau of Justice Assistance 210 1$aWashington, DC :$cU.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance,$d[1997] 215 $axii, 48 pages $cdigital, PDF file 225 1 $aMonograph 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed Jan. 6, 2009). 300 $a"Prepared by the Police Executive Research Forum, supported by cooperative agreement number 91-DD-CX-K058." 300 $a"January 1997." 300 $a"Reprinted August 1999." 300 $a"NCJ 156059." 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 33-34). 517 $aAddressing Community Gang Problems 606 $aGangs$zUnited States 606 $aCrime$zUnited States 606 $aCrime prevention$zUnited States$xCitizen participation 615 0$aGangs 615 0$aCrime 615 0$aCrime prevention$xCitizen participation. 676 $a363.45 676 $a302.34 676 $a011.53 676 $a364.177 712 02$aUnited States.$bBureau of Justice Assistance. 712 02$aPolice Executive Research Forum. 801 0$bN@F 801 1$bN@F 801 2$bOCLCQ 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910698677303321 996 $aAddressing community gang problems$93506022 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03902nam 22005535 450 001 9910136609503321 005 20221214214721.0 010 $a9780674974159 010 $a0674974158 010 $a9780674974135 010 $a0674974131 024 7 $a10.4159/9780674974135 035 $a(CKB)3710000000903322 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4715105 035 $a(DE-B1597)479746 035 $a(OCoLC)984650788 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674974135 035 $a(Perlego)3122167 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000903322 100 $a20170310d2017 fg 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aCycles of Invention and Discovery $eRethinking the Endless Frontier /$fVenkatesh Narayanamurti, Toluwalogo Odumosu 210 1$aCambridge, MA :$cHarvard University Press,$d[2017] 210 4$dİ2016 215 $a1 online resource (177 pages) 311 08$a9780674967960 311 08$a0674967968 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter --$tContents --$t1. Breaking Barriers, Building Bridges --$t2. Boundaries in Science and Engineering Research --$t3. The Basic/Applied Dichotomy: The Inadequacy of the Linear Model --$t4. The Origins of the ?Basic? and ?Applied? Descriptors --$t5. The Discovery-Invention Cycle --$t6. Bell Labs and the Importance of Institutional Culture --$t7. Designing Radically Innovative Research Institutions --$t8. The Need for a Radical Reformulation of S&T Policy --$t9. Moving Forward in Science and Technology Policy --$tAbbreviations --$tNotes --$tBibliography --$tAcknowledgments --$tIndex 330 $aCycles of Invention and Discovery offers an in-depth look at the real-world practice of science and engineering. It shows how the standard categories of ?basic? and ?applied? have become a hindrance to the organization of the U.S. science and technology enterprise. Tracing the history of these problematic categories, Venkatesh Narayanamurti and Toluwalogo Odumosu document how historical views of policy makers and scientists have led to the construction of science as a pure ideal on the one hand and of engineering as a practical (and inherently less prestigious) activity on the other. Even today, this erroneous but still widespread distinction forces these two endeavors into separate silos, misdirects billions of dollars, and thwarts progress in science and engineering research. The authors contrast this outmoded perspective with the lived experiences of researchers at major research laboratories. Using such Nobel Prize?winning examples as magnetic resonance imaging, the transistor, and the laser, they explore the daily micro-practices of research, showing how distinctions between the search for knowledge and creative problem solving break down when one pays attention to the ways in which pathbreaking research actually happens. By studying key contemporary research institutions, the authors highlight the importance of integrated research practices, contrasting these with models of research in the classic but still-influential report Science the Endless Frontier. Narayanamurti and Odumosu?s new model of the research ecosystem underscores that discovery and invention are often two sides of the same coin that moves innovation forward. 606 $aResearch$xMethodology 606 $aScience$xMethodology 606 $aTechnology$xResearch 615 0$aResearch$xMethodology. 615 0$aScience$xMethodology. 615 0$aTechnology$xResearch. 676 $a507.2 700 $aNarayanamurti$b Venkatesh$f1939-$01218949 701 $aOdumosu$b Toluwalogo$f1979-$01268817 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910136609503321 996 $aCycles of Invention and Discovery$92985145 997 $aUNINA