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200 10$aExport controls$b[electronic resource] $echallenges with Commerce's Validated End-User program may limit its ability to ensure that semiconductor equipment exported to China is used as intended : report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives
210  1$a[Washington, D.C.] :$cU.S. Govt. Accountability Office,$d[2008]
215   $aii, 46 pages $cdigital, PDF file
300   $aTitle from title screen (viewed on Oct. 28, 2008).
300   $a"September 2008."
300   $aPaper version available from: U.S. Govt. Acountability Office, 441 G St., NW, Rm. LM, Washington, D.C. 20548.
300   $a"GAO-08-1095."
320   $aIncludes bibliographical references.
330   $aSemiconductors are key components in weapons systems and consumer electronics. Since semiconductors have both civilian and military applications, U.S. export control policy treats the equipment and materials used to manufacture semiconductors as "dual-use" items, and controls the export of these items through licensing requirements to sensitive destinations such as China. [We updated] our 2002 report on China's semiconductor manufacturing capabilities to address the (1) evolution of China's capabilities since 2002, (2) changes to U.S. export control policies over the sale of semiconductor manufacturing equipment and materials to China since 2002, and (3) the advantages and limitations of these changes.
517   $aExport controls 
606   $aSemiconductor industry$zUnited States
606   $aSemiconductor industry$zChina
606   $aExport controls$zUnited States
606   $aTechnology transfer$xGovernment policy$zUnited States
606   $aNational security$zUnited States
607   $aUnited States$xForeign economic relations$zChina
607   $aChina$xForeign economic relations$zUnited States
615  0$aSemiconductor industry
615  0$aSemiconductor industry
615  0$aExport controls
615  0$aTechnology transfer$xGovernment policy
615  0$aNational security
712 02$aUnited States.$bCongress.$bHouse.$bCommittee on Foreign Affairs.
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801  1$bDID
801  2$bDID
801  2$bGPO
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912   $a9910697860703321
996   $aExport controls$93422897
997   $aUNINA