LEADER 04463oam 22006494a 450 001 9910697484103321 005 20081121134500.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002388098 035 $a(OCoLC)70713401 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002388098 100 $a20041223d2004 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aGas chromatographic/mass spectrometric differentiation of atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and an interfering metabolite product of metoprolol$b[electronic resource] $efinal report /$fMike K. Angier ... [and others] 210 1$aWashington, DC :$cOffice of Aerospace Medicine, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration ;$aSpringfield, Va. :$cNational Technical Information Service [distributor],$d[2004] 215 $ai, 6 pages $cdigital, PDF file 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008). 300 $a"October 2004." 300 $a"DOT/FAA/AM-04/15." 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 330 $aPilots who are considered hypertensive are closely monitored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to ensure that their hypertension is properly controlled. During the investigation of fatal civil aviation accidents, postmortem samples obtained from pilots are submitted to the FAA's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) for toxicological evaluation. During such evaluation, submitted samples are analyzed for prescription and nonprescription drugs, and it is common to find beta-blocker antihypertensives such as atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol in the submitted biological samples. During a 10-year period of 1993-2002, postmortem samples from 3290 civil aviation accident pilot fatalities (cases) were received by CAMI. Toxicological evaluation of these cases revealed that 50 of the 3290 fatalities had the commonly prescribed beta-blockers, atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol. Out of the 50 fatalities, atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol were found to be present in 24, 19, and 7 fatalities, respectively, but the initial analysis indicated the presence of atenolol and metoprolol in 4 of these pilot fatalities. Since (i) the combined use of both drugs was not consistent with the history of the drug use by those pilots, (ii) it is uncommon to simultaneously prescribe 2 beta-blockers, and (iii) these commonly used antihypertensives have considerable amount of chemical and structural similarity (6), further examination was undertaken for those fatality cases wherein atenolol and metoprolol were initially detected. Such examination entailed selectively and simultaneously analyzing the 3 commonly used beta-blockers in the submitted biological samples and rectifying any possible analytical interference with the antihypertensives. 517 $aGas chromatographic/mass spectrometric differentiation of atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and an interfering metabolite product of metoprolol 606 $aAir pilots$xMortality$zUnited States 606 $aAircraft accidents$xMortality$zUnited States 606 $aAir pilots$xDrug use$zUnited States 606 $aForensic toxicology$zUnited States 606 $aAdrenergic beta blockers$xAnalysis 606 $aAdrenergic beta-Antagonists$xisolation & purification 606 $aAtenolol$xisolation & purification 606 $aGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 606 $aMetoprolol$xisolation & purification 606 $aPropranolol$xisolation & purification 606 $aSensitivity and Specificity 608 $aTechnical Report. 615 0$aAir pilots$xMortality 615 0$aAircraft accidents$xMortality 615 0$aAir pilots$xDrug use 615 0$aForensic toxicology 615 0$aAdrenergic beta blockers$xAnalysis. 615 12$aAdrenergic beta-Antagonists$xisolation & purification. 615 22$aAtenolol$xisolation & purification. 615 22$aGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. 615 22$aMetoprolol$xisolation & purification. 615 22$aPropranolol$xisolation & purification. 615 22$aSensitivity and Specificity. 701 $aAngier$b Mike K$01384636 712 02$aUnited States.$bOffice of Aerospace Medicine. 801 0$bNLM 801 1$bNLM 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910697484103321 996 $aGas chromatographic$93475751 997 $aUNINA