LEADER 04604oam 22006614a 450 001 9910695363603321 005 20060928175727.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002369113 035 $a(OCoLC)70829610 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002369113 100 $a20050827d2005 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aSimultaneous quantitation of atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol in biological matrices via LC/MS$b[electronic resource] $efinal report /$fRobert D. Johnson, Russell J. Lewis 210 1$aWashington, DC :$cU.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aerospace Medicine ;$a[Ft. Belvoir, VA]:$c[Available through the Defense Technical Information Center];$aSpringfield, VA :$cAvailable through the National Technical Information Service,$d[2005] 215 $ai, 18 pages $cdigital, PDF file 300 $aTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed May 24, 2006). 300 $a"May 2005." 300 $a"DOT/FAA/AM-05/10." 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 6-7). 330 3 $aHypertension is a growing medical concern in the United States. With an increasing number of Americans suffering from hypertension every year, the use of antihypertensive medications such as beta-blockers has increased as well. Three beta-blocker medications--atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol--were among the 200 most prescribed drugs in the United States in 2003, ranked 4, 14, and 165, respectively. Pilots that successfully manage their hypertension either with diet, exercise, and/or medication may remain medically certified to operate an aircraft. However, these pilots are closely monitored to ensure that their hypertension is properly controlled. The FAA classifies approximately 8% of all active civil aviation pilots as "hypertensive with medication." Toxicological evaluation of postmortem samples obtained from pilots is an important part of the investigation of fatal civil aviation accidents. During this evaluation it is not uncommon to detect beta-blocker compounds such as atenolol, metoprolol, or propranolol in the submitted biological samples. In forensic toxicology laboratories, these compounds are most commonly confirmed and/or quantitated by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS). Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS), however, is becoming increasingly more prevalent in the field of forensic toxicology and is considered a superior alternative to GC/MS for the analysis of many compounds. There are very few analytical LC/MS methods published for the determination of beta-blockers from biological specimens. Furthermore, we were unable to find any citation for the toxicological determination of beta-blockers in postmortem fluid and tissue specimens using LC/MS; in particular, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in conjunction with ion trap MS. This manuscript describes the validation and application of such a method. 517 $aSimultaneous quantitation of atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol in biological matrices via LC/MS 606 $aAdrenergic beta blockers$xAnalysis 606 $aAircraft accidents 606 $aHypertension$xTreatment 606 $aPropanolamines$xAnalysis 606 $aAdrenergic beta-Antagonists$xanalysis 606 $aAccidents, Aviation 606 $aAerospace Medicine$xmethods 606 $aChromatography, Liquid$xmethods 606 $aHypertension$xdrug therapy 606 $aMass Spectrometry$xmethods 607 $aUnited States 608 $aTechnical Report. 615 0$aAdrenergic beta blockers$xAnalysis. 615 0$aAircraft accidents. 615 0$aHypertension$xTreatment. 615 0$aPropanolamines$xAnalysis. 615 12$aAdrenergic beta-Antagonists$xanalysis. 615 22$aAccidents, Aviation. 615 22$aAerospace Medicine$xmethods. 615 22$aChromatography, Liquid$xmethods. 615 22$aHypertension$xdrug therapy. 615 22$aMass Spectrometry$xmethods. 700 $aJohnson$b Robert D$g(Robert David),$f1974-$01382527 701 $aLewis$b Russell J$01382528 712 02$aUnited States.$bOffice of Aerospace Medicine. 712 02$aCivil Aerospace Medical Institute. 801 0$bNLM 801 1$bNLM 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910695363603321 996 $aSimultaneous quantitation of atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol in biological matrices via LC$93431454 997 $aUNINA