LEADER 04137nam 2200553 450 001 9910678261903321 005 20230524044408.0 010 $a3-031-23108-2 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-23108-7 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7209141 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7209141 035 $a(CKB)26192071000041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-23108-7 035 $a(PPN)26909296X 035 $a(EXLCZ)9926192071000041 100 $a20230524d2023 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aFuzzy graph theory $eapplications to global problems /$fJohn N. Mordeson, Sunil Mathew, and G. Gayathri 205 $a1st ed. 2023. 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer Nature Switzerland AG,$d[2023] 210 4$dİ2023 215 $a1 online resource (265 pages) 225 1 $aStudies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing,$x1860-0808 ;$v424 311 08$aPrint version: Mordeson, John N. Fuzzy Graph Theory Cham : Springer,c2023 9783031231070 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPreliminaries -- Nonstandard Analysis -- Social Networks and Climate Change -- Climate Change and Consequences -- Fuzzy Soft Semigraphs and Graph Structures -- Directed Fuzzy Incidence Graphs -- Max-?ow Min-cut Theorem for Directed Fuzzy Incidence Networks -- Cycle Connectivity of Fuzzy Graphs with Applications -- Neighborhood Connectivity in Fuzzy Graphs -- Cyclic Connectivity Status and Integrity Index of Fuzzy Graphs. 330 $aThis book examines some issues involving climate change, human trafficking, and other serious world challenges made worse by climate change. Climate change increases the risk of natural disasters and thus creates poverty and can cause situations of conflict and instability. Displacement can occur giving traffickers an opportunity to exploit affected people. In the fuzzy graph theory part of the book, the relatively new concepts of fuzzy soft semigraphs and graph structures are used to study human trafficking, as well as its time intuitionistic fuzzy sets that have been introduced to model forest fires. The notion of legal and illegal incidence strength is used to analyze immigration to the USA. The examination of return refugees to their origin countries is undertaken. The neighborhood connectivity index is determined for trafficking in various regions in the world. The cycle connectivity measure for the directed graph of the flow from South America to the USA is calculated. It is determined that there is a need for improvement in government response by countries. Outside the area of fuzzy graph theory, a new approach to examine climate change is introduced. Social network theory is used to study feedback processes that effect climate forcing. Tipping points in climate change are considered. The relationship between terrorism and climate change is examined. Ethical issues concerning the obligation of business organizations to reduce carbon emissions are also considered. Nonstandard analysis is a possible new area that could be used by scholars of mathematics of uncertainty. A foundation is laid to aid the researcher in the understanding of nonstandard analysis. In order to accomplish this, a discussion of some basic concepts from first-order logic is presented as some concepts of mathematics of uncertainty. An application to the theory of relativity is presented. 410 0$aStudies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing,$x1860-0808 ;$v424 606 $aClimatic changes$xMathematical models 606 $aFuzzy graphs 606 $aHuman trafficking$xMathematical models 615 0$aClimatic changes$xMathematical models. 615 0$aFuzzy graphs. 615 0$aHuman trafficking$xMathematical models. 676 $a551.60113 700 $aMordeson$b John N.$063000 702 $aMathew$b Sunil 702 $aGayathri$b G. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910678261903321 996 $aFuzzy graph theory$93373139 997 $aUNINA