LEADER 03559oam 22005055 450 001 9910647393503321 005 20240830165725.0 010 $a9789811985829$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9789811985812 024 7 $a10.1007/978-981-19-8582-9 035 $a(PPN)279988990 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7187346 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7187346 035 $a(CKB)26068915700041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-981-19-8582-9 035 $a(EXLCZ)9926068915700041 100 $a20230128d2023 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aJapan occupied $esurvival of academic freedom /$fRuriko Kumano 205 $a1st ed. 2023. 210 1$aSingapore :$cSpringer Nature Singapore :$cImprint: Springer,$d2023. 215 $a1 online resource (204 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Kumano, Ruriko Japan Occupied Singapore : Springer,c2023 9789811985812 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1. Religion and Education in Pre-war Japan: Building a New Identity and Suppressing ?Dangerous Thoughts? -- 2. The GHQ?s Initial Reforms: The Dismantling of Japan -- 3. General Headquarters (GHQ) vs. Japanese Communist Party -- 4. University Reform -- 5. Communism in Universities. 330 $aThis book documents Japan's psychological deterioration caused by its defeat in August 1945. Also, Japan?s traumatic transformation from authoritarianism to democracy is detailed. The study exposes an ideological war between the Soviet Union and the USA within American-occupied Japan, which triggered violent polarization among the Japanese. Under General MacArthur?s tutorage, the defeated Japanese were expected to become a peace-loving people, but the Cold War derailed Japan?s progress toward freedom and democracy. The ?Red Purge,? instituted by MacArthur's Headquarters (GHQ) from 1949 to 1950, triggered the devastating side effects on Japan's academic freedom and freedom of speech. Stanford University Professor Dr. Walter C. Eells (1886?1962) served at the GHQ as an influential education adviser and became the most vocal advocate of the Red Purge. Japanese Marxist historians have constructed the popular postwar narrative of the Red Purge, blaming the GHQ for every failure. The vast archival materials, including the GHQ papers, Eells papers, and Japanese-language documents, revealed that the Red Purge was a serious propaganda battle between the Americans and the Soviets in a war-torn Japan. This propaganda war engendered the violently polarized political climate, in which the conservative Japanese government behaved according to the dictates of US Cold War policy. By revealing feverish tensions within the GHQ regarding communist influences in Japanese universities, this study sheds bright new light on the Red Purge and its lasting impact on Japan's political future. 606 $aAcademic freedom$zJapan$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aEducation, Higher$zJapan$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aIntellectual freedom$zJapan$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aJapan$xHistory$yAllied occupation, 1945-1952 615 0$aAcademic freedom$xHistory 615 0$aEducation, Higher$xHistory 615 0$aIntellectual freedom$xHistory 676 $a378.52 700 $aKumano$b Ruriko$01277176 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910647393503321 996 $aJapan Occupied$93010130 997 $aUNINA