LEADER 10891nam 2200517 450 001 9910643005803321 005 20230211130110.0 010 $a3-527-83855-4 010 $a3-527-83854-6 010 $a3-527-83853-8 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7081836 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7081836 035 $a(OCoLC)1344161245 035 $a(CKB)24815165900041 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924815165900041 100 $a20230211d2023 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPolymer nanocomposites for energy applications /$fManjubaashini Nandhakumar [and three others] 210 1$aWeinheim, Germany :$cWiley-VCH,$d[2023] 210 4$d©2023 215 $a1 online resource (271 pages) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 08$aPrint version: Nandhakumar, Manjubaashini Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Applications Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2022 9783527350483 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Origin of Polymer Materials -- 1.1 History of Polymers -- 1.1.1 Examples of Polymers -- 1.2 Types of Polymers -- 1.2.1 Based on Applications -- 1.2.2 Classification Based on Temperature Effect -- 1.2.2.1 Thermosetting Polymers -- 1.2.2.2 Thermoplastic Polymers -- 1.3 Properties of Polymers -- 1.3.1 Molecular Weight -- 1.3.2 Structural Aspects -- 1.3.3 Copolymers in Sequence -- 1.3.4 Crystallinity of Polymers -- 1.3.4.1 Solid?State Crystallinity -- 1.3.4.2 Factors Favoring Crystallinity -- 1.3.5 Morphology of the Polymeric Crystals -- 1.3.5.1 Solid?State Thermal Transitions -- 1.3.6 Mechanical Behavior -- 1.3.7 Polymer Rheology and Processing -- 1.3.7.1 Polymer Processing Techniques -- 1.3.7.2 Rheology of Nanocomposites -- 1.3.7.3 Theory and Modeling of Nanocomposites Rheology -- 1.3.8 Polymer Viscoelasticity -- 1.4 Physicochemical Properties of Polymers -- 1.4.1 Polymers are Very Resistant to Chemicals -- 1.4.2 Polymers are Both Thermal and Electrical Insulators -- 1.4.3 Polymers are Very Light in Weight with Significant Degrees of Strength -- 1.4.4 Polymers are Processed in Various Ways -- 1.4.5 Polymers are Materials With a Seemingly Limitless Range of Characteristics and Colors -- 1.4.6 Polymers are Usually Made of Petroleum, but not Always -- 1.4.7 Polymers are Used to Make Items That Have no Alternatives to Other Materials -- References -- Chapter 2 Synthesis of Polymers -- 2.1 Features of the Polymerization Reactions -- 2.2 Chain Polymerization -- 2.3 Ring?Opening Polymerization -- 2.4 Polycondensation -- 2.5 Polyaddition -- 2.6 Step?Growth Polymerization -- 2.7 Dendrimers -- 2.8 Anionic Polymerization -- 2.9 Cationic Polymerization -- 2.10 Controlled Radical Polymerization -- 2.11 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). 327 $a2.12 Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) -- 2.13 Supramolecular Polymerization -- 2.14 Bulk Polymerization -- 2.15 Solution Polymerization -- 2.16 Suspension Polymerization -- 2.17 Methods for the Synthesis of Functional Polymers -- 2.17.1 Direct Copolymerization -- 2.17.2 End?Functionalization -- 2.17.3 Functionalization?Grafting -- 2.17.4 Click Chemistry in Polymerization -- 2.18 Polymer Nanoparticles -- 2.19 Synthesis Techniques of Polymer Nanoparticle -- 2.19.1 Solvent Evaporation -- 2.19.2 Salting?Out -- 2.19.3 Nanoprecipitation -- 2.19.4 Dialysis -- 2.19.5 Supercritical Fluid Technology -- 2.19.6 Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution (RESS) -- 2.19.7 Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution into a Liquid Solvent (RESOLV) -- 2.19.8 Polymerization of Monomers -- 2.19.9 Emulsion Polymerization -- 2.19.10 Conventional Emulsion Polymerization -- 2.19.11 Surfactant?Free Emulsion Polymerization -- 2.19.12 Mini?Emulsion Polymerization -- 2.19.13 Micro?Emulsion Polymerization -- 2.19.14 Interfacial Polymerization -- References -- Chapter 3 Characterization of Polymer Materials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 UV-Visible Spectroscopy -- 3.3 Elemental Analysis -- 3.4 Infrared Spectroscopy -- 3.5 Qualitative Analysis of Polymers -- 3.6 Spectral Analysis for Polyethylene and Polystyrene -- 3.7 Determination of Molecular Weight and Thermodynamic Properties -- 3.8 Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC) Analysis -- 3.9 Thermogravimetric Assays (TGAs) -- 3.10 Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) -- 3.11 High?Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 3.12 Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) -- 3.13 Raman Spectroscopy -- 3.13.1 Polyethylene Density -- 3.13.2 Polybutadiene Microstructure -- 3.14 Mechanical Testing and Rheometry -- 3.15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 3.16 X?ray Diffraction. 327 $a3.17 Molar Mass and Molar Mass Distribution -- 3.18 Osmometry -- 3.19 Mass Spectrometry -- 3.20 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) -- 3.21 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -- 3.22 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 3.23 Optical Microscopy (OM) -- References -- Chapter 4 Diverse Applications of Polymer Materials -- 4.1 Board Area of Polymer Applications -- 4.2 Polymers in Biotechnology -- 4.3 Polymer Dielectrics for Electronics -- 4.3.1 Luminescent Layers in Light?Emitting Diodes -- 4.4 Smart and Self?healing Coatings -- 4.5 Polymeric Biocides and Herbicides -- 4.6 Polymers for Soil Remediation -- 4.7 Benefits of Polymers in Fabric and Home Care Formulations -- 4.8 Polymeric Materials for Photonics -- 4.9 Polymers for Electrophotography -- 4.10 Polymers in Energy Applications -- 4.11 Polymers in Construction Applications -- 4.12 Polymers in Automobile Applications -- References -- Chapter 5 Introduction to Nanomaterials -- 5.1 Nanotechnology -- 5.2 Nanomaterials -- 5.3 Types of Nanomaterials -- 5.3.1 Quantum Dots -- 5.3.2 Organic Materials -- 5.3.3 Metal Oxides -- 5.3.4 Carbon Nanotubes -- 5.3.5 Polymeric Nanomaterials -- 5.4 Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 5.4.1 Coprecipitation -- 5.4.2 Hydrothermal Technique -- 5.4.3 Inert Gas Condensation -- 5.4.4 Sonochemical -- 5.4.5 Microemulsion -- 5.4.6 Microwave?Assisted -- 5.4.7 Laser Ablation -- 5.4.8 Sol-Gel -- 5.4.9 Spark Discharge -- 5.4.10 Template Synthesis -- 5.4.11 Biological Synthesis -- 5.5 Applications of Nanotechnology -- 5.5.1 Nanotechnology in Energy Sector -- 5.5.2 Nanotechnology in Textile -- 5.5.3 Nanotechnology in Agriculture -- 5.5.4 Nanotechnology in Electronics -- 5.5.5 Nanotechnology in Cosmetics -- 5.5.6 Nanotechnology in Medical Field -- References -- Chapter 6 Introduction to Polymer Nanocomposites -- 6.1 Classes of Nanocomposites -- 6.2 Different Types of Nanocomposites. 327 $a6.2.1 Polymer?Based and Non?Polymer?Based Nanocomposites -- 6.2.1.1 Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposite -- 6.2.1.2 Inorganic/Organic Polymer Nanocomposites -- 6.2.1.3 Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Nanocomposite -- 6.2.1.4 Polymer/Layered Silicate (PLS) Nanocomposites -- 6.2.1.5 Polymer/Polymer Nanocomposites -- 6.2.1.6 Biocomposites -- 6.2.1.7 Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites -- 6.2.1.8 Metal Matrix Nanocomposites -- 6.2.1.9 Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites -- 6.3 Synthesis Methods of Nanocomposite -- 6.3.1 Solution Casting Method -- 6.3.2 Melt Blending Method -- 6.3.3 In situ Polymerization Method -- 6.3.4 Exfoliation Adsorption Method -- 6.3.5 Template Synthesis Method -- 6.4 Characterization Techniques for Nanocomposite -- 6.5 Applications of Nanocomposite Materials -- 6.5.1 Automotive Industry -- 6.5.2 Packaging Industry -- 6.5.3 Catalysis -- 6.5.4 Solid Polymer Electrolyte -- 6.5.5 Water Treatment Applications -- 6.5.6 Aircrafts -- 6.5.7 Electronics -- 6.5.8 Environmental Protection -- References -- Chapter 7 Polymer Nanocomposites in Energy Storage System -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Batteries -- 7.3 Thermal -- 7.4 Mechanical Storage -- 7.5 Hydrogen -- 7.6 Pumped Hydropower -- 7.7 Flywheels -- 7.8 Role of Polymer Nanocomposites in Energy Storage Applications -- 7.9 Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 7.9.1 Physical Properties -- 7.9.2 Rheological Properties -- 7.9.3 Mechanical Properties -- 7.9.4 Thermal Properties -- 7.9.5 Barrier and Chemical Resistance -- 7.9.6 Flame Retardancy -- 7.9.7 Optical Properties -- 7.9.8 Electrical Properties -- 7.9.9 Dielectric Properties -- 7.9.10 Biological Properties -- References -- Chapter 8 Polymer Nanocomposites for Renewable Energy Storage System -- 8.1 Renewable Energy -- 8.2 Renewable Energy Storage -- 8.3 Polymers for Energy Storage -- 8.4 Carbon?Based Storage Materials. 327 $a8.5 Energy Storage Capability of Polymer Nanocomposites -- References -- Chapter 9 High?Performance Inorganic Polymer Nanocomposites?Based Solar Cells -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Organic-Organic Composites -- 9.3 Inorganic Nanocomposites -- 9.4 Nanocomposites in Perovskite Solar Cells -- 9.5 Polymeric Nanocomposites in Dye?Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) -- References -- Chapter 10 Polymer Nanocomposites for Magnetic Energy and Thermal Energy Storage -- 10.1 Background of Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Storage -- 10.2 Energy Density -- 10.3 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) -- 10.4 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) -- 10.4.1 Sensible Heat Storage (SH?TES) -- 10.4.2 Latent Heat Storage (LH?TES) -- 10.4.3 Thermochemical Heat Storage (TH?TES) -- 10.5 Thermoplastic Composites for TES -- References -- Chapter 11 Polymer Nanocomposites for Triboelectricity and Hydrogen Storage -- 11.1 Polymer Nanocomposites for Triboelectricity -- 11.1.1 Energy Harvesting Application -- 11.2 Polymer Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Storage -- 11.3 Hydrogen?Based Energy Storage System -- 11.3.1 Liquid Hydrogen Storage -- 11.3.2 Compressed and Stored in a Pressure Tank -- 11.3.3 Physical Adsorption in Carbon -- 11.3.4 Complex Compounds?Microsphere Hydrogen Storage -- 11.3.5 Metal Hydrides -- References -- Chapter 12 Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors and Battery Application -- 12.1 Battery?Based Energy Storage System -- 12.2 Types of Battery -- 12.2.1 Lead?Acid Battery -- 12.2.2 Nickel?Based Battery -- 12.2.3 Sodium-Sulfur Battery (NaS) -- 12.2.4 Lithium?Based Battery -- 12.2.5 Flow Battery Energy Storage (FBES) -- 12.3 Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites -- 12.4 Fuel Cells -- 12.5 Capacitor and Supercapacitor Energy Storage -- References -- Chapter 13 Electrochemical Energy Storage System -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Need for Energy Storage System. 327 $a13.2.1 Energy Reality and Increasing Renewable Penetration. 606 $aNanostructured materials 606 $aPolymeric composites 615 0$aNanostructured materials. 615 0$aPolymeric composites. 676 $a338.476205 700 $aNandhakumar$b Manjubaashini$01277016 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910643005803321 996 $aPolymer nanocomposites for energy applications$93009760 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05268nam 22007335 450 001 9910300235203321 005 20250716093230.0 010 $a3-319-12985-6 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-12985-3 035 $a(CKB)3710000000402807 035 $a(EBL)2094161 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001501359 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11840159 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001501359 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11523996 035 $a(PQKB)11452237 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-12985-3 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2094161 035 $a(PPN)185484379 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3110160 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000402807 100 $a20150421d2015 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBenign Tumors of the Liver /$fedited by Luca Aldrighetti, Francesco Cetta, Gianfranco Ferla 205 $a1st ed. 2015. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (335 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a3-319-12984-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aForeword -- Preface -- Part I: General Perspective -- 1. Epidemiology and Histopathology of Benign Liver Tumors -- 2. Molecular Biology and Genetics of Benign Liver Tumors -- 3. Genetic Syndromes and Benign Liver Tumors (Multiple Adenomas in Glycogen Storage Disease) -- 4. Liver Physiopathology (Ischemia/Reperfusion, Factors affecting Liver Regeneration) -- Part II: Imaging -- 5. Imaging Techniques (Ultrasound, CT, MR) of Benign Liver Tumors -- 6. Imaging Morphology in Benign Liver Tumors -- 7. Differential Diagnosis of Benign Liver Tumors -- Part III: Systematic Review of Benign Liver Tumors -- 8. Cysts and Polycystic Liver Disease -- 9. Caroli's Disease: Cystic Bile Duct Dilatations -- 10.Hepatolithiasis -- 11. Hemangiomas -- 12. Focal Nodular Hyperplasia -- 13. Hepatocellular Adenoma -- 14. Adenoma and Biliary Cystadenoma -- 15.Benign Tumors of Bile Ducts and Gallbladder -- 16. Liver Focal Localizations of Systemic Diseases -- 17. Focal Infectious Diseases -- Part IV: Treatment of Benign Liver Tumors -- 18. Transplantation for Benign Liver Lesions -- 19. Laparoscopic Liver Surgery in Benign Liver Lesions -- 20. Robotic Liver Resection for Benign Tumors -- 21. Interventional Radiology in Benign Liver Tumors: Embolization and Ablation -- 22. Intraoperative Ultrasound in Liver Surgery for Benign Tumors -- 23. Anesthesia and Intraoperative Management in Liver Surgery -- 24. Blood and Transfusion Management in Benign Liver Tumors -- 25. Fast Track Programs in Benign Liver Tumors. 330 $aDiagnosis of benign tumors of the liver is experiencing exponential growth, mainly owing to the diffusion of more accurate imaging techniques. This monograph opens by examining the epidemiology, histopathology, and genetics of these diseases and discussing liver physiopathology. The role of imaging techniques is described, and clear guidance provided on differential diagnosis. The full range of benign liver tumors and conditions is then systematically reviewed, including liver cysts and polycystic liver disease, Caroli disease, hemangiomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, adenomas, hepatic manifestations of systemic diseases, and focal infectious diseases. Surgical indications are accurately analyzed, with a view to assisting in the avoidance of useless interventions. Transplantation, laparoscopic resection, and robotic surgical techniques are described and illustrated, emphasizing the optimization of intra- and postoperative management in order to avoid potential complications and degeneration. In these chapters, attention is drawn to the ways in which the surgical management of benign liver tumors differs from that of malignant tumors. Information is also provided on anesthesia, blood transfusion, the role of interventional radiology in patients with benign liver tumors and fast track programs for liver surgery. This book, in handy format, will prove essential reading for all who are interested in benign liver surgery and will represent an invaluable source of knowledge for general and hepatobiliary surgeons, whether in training or practice. 606 $aSurgery 606 $aGastroenterology 606 $aRadiology 606 $aInternal medicine 606 $aGeneral Surgery 606 $aGastroenterology 606 $aRadiology 606 $aInternal Medicine 615 0$aSurgery. 615 0$aGastroenterology. 615 0$aRadiology. 615 0$aInternal medicine. 615 14$aGeneral Surgery. 615 24$aGastroenterology. 615 24$aRadiology. 615 24$aInternal Medicine. 676 $a610 676 $a616.0757 676 $a616.33 676 $a616.36 676 $a617.55059 702 $aAldrighetti$b Luca$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $aCetta$b Francesco$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $aFerla$b Gianfranco$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910300235203321 996 $aBenign Tumors of the Liver$91760467 997 $aUNINA