LEADER 05378nam 22006255 450 001 9910627237303321 005 20230810180216.0 010 $a9783031156106$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9783031156090 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-15610-6 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7129836 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7129836 035 $a(CKB)25299549900041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-15610-6 035 $a(EXLCZ)9925299549900041 100 $a20221031d2023 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAntonio Gramsci $eAn Intellectual Biography /$fby Gianni Fresu 205 $a1st ed. 2023. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2023. 215 $a1 online resource (399 pages) 225 1 $aMarx, Engels, and Marxisms,$x2524-7131 311 08$aPrint version: Fresu, Gianni Antonio Gramsci Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783031156090 327 $aPART ONE ? THE YOUNG REVOLUTIONARY -- 1. The premises of an uninterrupted discourse -- 2. Dialectics versus positivism: the young Gramsci?s philosophical background -- 3. Self-education and autonomy of producers -- 4. Lenin and the topicality of revolution -- 5. L?Ordine Nuovo -- 6. The origin and defeat of the Italian revolution -- 7. The party problem -- 8. Revolutionary reflux and reactionary offensive -- PART TWO ? THE POLITICAL LEADER -- 9. The new Party -- 10. The Comintern and the ?Italian case? -- 11. Toward a new majority -- 12. Gramsci leading the Party -- 13. Theoretical maturity between 1925 and 1926 -- 14. The Congress of Lyon -- PART THREE ? THE THEORETICIAN -- 15. From Sardinia?s contradictions to the sourther question -- 16. The Notebooks: the difficult beginnings of a ?disinterested? work -- 17. Hegemonic relations, productive relations and the subaltern -- 18. Permanent transformism -- 19. Historical premises and congenital contradictions in Italian biography -- 20. ?The old dies and the new cannot be born? -- 21. The double revision of Marxism and similarity with Lukács -- 22. Translatability and hegemony -- 23. The philosopher man and the tamed gorilla -- 24. Michels, the intellectuals and the issue of organization -- 25. The dismantling of the old schemes of political art. 330 $aThis intellectual biography provides an organic framework for understanding Antonio Gramsci?s process of intellectual development, paying close attention to the historical and intellectual contexts out of which his views emerged. The Gramsci in Notebooks cannot fully account for the young director of L?Ordine Nuovo, or for the communist leader. Gramsci?s development did not occur under conditions of intellectual inflexibility, of absence of evolution. However, there is a strong thread connecting the ?political Gramsci? with Gramsci as a ?cultivated man.? The Sardinian intellectual?s life is marked by the drama of World War I, the first mass conflict in which the great scientific discoveries of the previous decades were applied on a large scale and in which millions of peasants and workers were slaughtered. In all of his theoretical formulations, this dual relation, which epitomizes the instrumental use of ?simpletons? by ruling classes, goes beyond the military context of the trenches and becomes full-fledged in the fundamental relations of modern capitalist society. In contrast with this notion of social hierarchy, which is deemed natural and unchangeable, Gramsci constantly affirmed the need to overcome the historically determined rupture between intellectual and manual functions, due to which the existence of a priesthood or of a separate caste of specialists in politics and in knowledge is made necessary. It is not the specific professional activity (whether material or immaterial) that determines the essence of human nature: to Gramsci, ?all men are philosophers.? In this passage from Notebooks, we find the condensed form of his idea of ?human emancipation,? which is the historical need for an ?intellectual and moral reform?: the subversion of traditional relations between rulers and ruled and the end of exploitation of man by man. Giovanni Fresu is professor of political philosophy at the Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil and a researcher in political philosophy at the University of Cagliari, Italy. 410 0$aMarx, Engels, and Marxisms,$x2524-7131 606 $aPolitical science$xPhilosophy 606 $aItaly$xHistory 606 $aPolitical science 606 $aIntellectual life$xHistory 606 $aPolitical Philosophy 606 $aHistory of Italy 606 $aPolitical Theory 606 $aIntellectual History 615 0$aPolitical science$xPhilosophy. 615 0$aItaly$xHistory. 615 0$aPolitical science. 615 0$aIntellectual life$xHistory. 615 14$aPolitical Philosophy. 615 24$aHistory of Italy. 615 24$aPolitical Theory. 615 24$aIntellectual History. 676 $a324.245075 676 $a320.532092 700 $aFresu$b Gianni$0615944 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910627237303321 996 $aAntonio Gramsci$92979678 997 $aUNINA