LEADER 05580nam 2200757Ia 450 001 9910626110703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-37839-5 010 $a9786613556301 010 $a1-84593-954-9 035 $a(CKB)2670000000171223 035 $a(EBL)892968 035 $a(OCoLC)787843335 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000637837 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12274620 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000637837 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10685774 035 $a(PQKB)11765163 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC892968 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000171223 100 $a20110726d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aLife at extremes $eenvironments, organisms, and strategies for survival /$fedited by Elanor M. Bell 210 $aWallingford, Oxfordshire, UK ;$aCambridge, MA $cCAB International$dc2012 215 $a1 online resource (576 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-84593-814-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; Contributors; 1 What are Extreme Environments and What Lives in Them?; 1.1 History and Definition of the Terms 'Extreme' and 'Extremophile'; 1.2 Types of Extreme Environment; 1.3 Life in Transition; 1.4 One Man's Meat is Another Man's Poison; 1.5 Timing is Everything; 1.6 A Frog is not a Frog but Merely a Transient Phase Between a Tadpole and an Egg; 1.7 Friends and Neighbours; 1.8 Where to Next?; References; 2 Past Extremes; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Archaean Climate and Life (~3500 Ma); 2.2.1 Archaean climate; 2.3 Transition to the Land (~470 Ma); 2.3.1 The rise of the embryophytes 327 $a2.3.2 Embryophytes and the decline in atmospheric CO[sub(2)] and the rise of O[sub(2)]2.4 Mass Extinction and Extreme Environments; 2.4.1 Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary; 2.4.2 Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary (65 Ma); 2.5 Conclusion; References; 3 Polar Marine Ecosystems; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Arctic Seas Versus the Southern Ocean; 3.3 Water Column; 3.4 Shallows; 3.4.1 Ice scour; 3.4.2 Climate change; 3.4.3 Water climate; 3.5 Continental Shelf; 3.5.1 Disturbance; 3.5.2 Size; 3.5.3 Reproduction; 3.5.4 Diversity gradients; 3.6 Below Ice Shelves; 3.7 Continental Slope; 3.7.1 Disturbance 327 $a3.7.2 Carbonate compensation depth3.8 Isolated Islands; 3.9 Conclusions; References; 4 Sea Ice; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Physics of Sea Ice; 4.3 Space in Ice; 4.4 Organisms Living in Sea Ice; 4.5 Mechanisms to Avoid Freezing; 4.6 Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Sea Ice; 4.7 Oxygen in Sea Ice; 4.8 Dimethylsulphonioproprionate in Sea Ice; 4.9 Biomarkers for Sea Ice Extent in Past Climates; 4.10 Concluding Remarks; References; 5 Polar Terrestrial Environments; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems; 5.2.1 Habitats; 5.2.2 Permafrost; 5.2.3 Polar soils 327 $a5.3 Terrestrial Biota and Communities5.3.1 Ice-free ecosystems; 5.3.2 Vegetation; 5.3.3 Invertebrate fauna; 5.3.4 Vertebrate fauna; 5.3.5 Exceptional ecosystems; 5.4 Physiology and Ecology; 5.4.1 Life history strategies; 5.4.2 Life under extreme stress; 5.4.3 Life cycles; 5.5 Colonization of the Polar Regions by Terrestrial Biota; 5.6 Arctic and Antarctic Comparisons; References; 6 High Altitude and Latitude Lakes; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Trophic Structure; 6.3 Seasonal Patterns of Primary Productivity; 6.3.1 Alpine lake primary production; 6.3.2 Arctic lake primary production 327 $a6.3.3 Antarctic lake primary production6.4 Secondary Production: Bacteria and Viruses; 6.5 Secondary Producers: Protozoa and Invertebrates; 6.6 Survival Strategies and Adaptation in Extreme Lakes; 6.7 Future Directions; References; 7 Subglacial Lakes; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Geographic Range, History and Distribution; 7.3 The Extreme Characteristics of Subglacial Lakes; 7.4 The Predicted Diversity and Community Composition of Life in Subglacial Lakes; 7.4.1 Analogues for life in subglacial lakes; 7.4.2 Challenges for the study of life in subglacial lakes; 7.4.3 Likely organism groups 327 $a7.5 Existing Studies 330 $aFrom arid deserts to icy poles, outer space to the depths of the sea, this exciting new work studies the remarkable life forms that have made these inhospitable environments their home. Covering not only micro-organisms, but also higher plants and animals such as worms, fish and polar plants, this book details the ecological, biological and biogeochemical challenges these organisms face and unifying themes between environments. Equally useful for the expert, student and casual scientific reader, this book also explores the impact of climate change, rapid seasonal changes and pollution on these 606 $aBiotic communities 606 $aExtreme environments 606 $aOrganisms 606 $aAdaptation (Biology) 606 $aAcclimatization 606 $aSurvival 606 $aClimatic changes 606 $aSeasons 606 $aPollution 615 0$aBiotic communities. 615 0$aExtreme environments. 615 0$aOrganisms. 615 0$aAdaptation (Biology) 615 0$aAcclimatization. 615 0$aSurvival. 615 0$aClimatic changes. 615 0$aSeasons. 615 0$aPollution. 676 $a577.8/2 701 $aBell$b Elanor$01267315 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910626110703321 996 $aLife at extremes$92980042 997 $aUNINA