LEADER 01124nam 2200373 450 001 9910586654103321 005 20221013174829.0 010 $a1-83962-836-7 035 $a(CKB)4950000000721987 035 $a(NjHacI)994950000000721987 035 $a(EXLCZ)994950000000721987 100 $a20221013d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aNonlinear optics $enonlinear nanophotonics and novel materials for nonlinear optics /$fedited by Boris I. Lembrikov 210 1$aLondon, United Kingdom :$cIntechOpen,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (144 pages) $cillustrations 311 $a1-83962-835-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 517 $aNonlinear Optics 606 $aNonlinear optics 615 0$aNonlinear optics. 676 $a621.3694 702 $aLembrikov$b B. I. $f1950- 801 0$bNjHacI 801 1$bNjHacl 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910586654103321 996 $aNONLINEAR optics$9381352 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06000nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910141478103321 005 20220923151256.0 010 $a9781119967125 010 $a1-119-96712-0 010 $a1-299-19019-7 010 $a1-119-96711-2 010 $a1-118-41319-9 035 $a(CKB)2670000000327718 035 $a(EBL)1120841 035 $a(OCoLC)827207511 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000782226 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11419671 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000782226 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10746691 035 $a(PQKB)11549817 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1120841 035 $a(DLC) 2012029823 035 $a(PPN)197172067 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000327718 100 $a20120718d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMechanical properties of solid polymers /$fI.M. Ward, J. Sweeney 205 $aThird edition 210 $aChichester, West Sussex $cWiley$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (477 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 1 $a9781444319507 311 1 $a1-4443-1950-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aMechanical Properties of Solid Polymers; Contents; Preface; 1 Structure of Polymers; 1.1 Chemical Composition; 1.1.1 Polymerisation; 1.1.2 Cross-Linking and Chain-Branching; 1.1.3 Average Molecular Mass and Molecular Mass Distribution; 1.1.4 Chemical and Steric Isomerism and Stereoregularity; 1.1.5 Liquid Crystalline Polymers; 1.1.6 Blends, Grafts and Copolymers; 1.2 Physical Structure; 1.2.1 Rotational Isomerism; 1.2.2 Orientation and Crystallinity; References; Further Reading; 2 The Mechanical Properties of Polymers: General Considerations; 2.1 Objectives 327 $a2.2 The Different Types of Mechanical Behaviour2.3 The Elastic Solid and the Behaviour of Polymers; 2.4 Stress and Strain; 2.4.1 The State of Stress; 2.4.2 The State of Strain; 2.5 The Generalised Hooke's Law; References; 3 The Behaviour in the Rubber-Like State: Finite Strain Elasticity; 3.1 The Generalised Definition of Strain; 3.1.1 The Cauchy-Green Strain Measure; 3.1.2 Principal Strains; 3.1.3 Transformation of Strain; 3.1.4 Examples of Elementary Strain Fields; 3.1.5 Relationship of Engineering Strains to General Strains; 3.1.6 Logarithmic Strain; 3.2 The Stress Tensor 327 $a3.3 The Stress-Strain Relationships3.4 The Use of a Strain Energy Function; 3.4.1 Thermodynamic Considerations; 3.4.2 The Form of the Strain Energy Function; 3.4.3 The Strain Invariants; 3.4.4 Application of the Invariant Approach; 3.4.5 Application of the Principal Stretch Approach; References; 4 Rubber-Like Elasticity; 4.1 General Features of Rubber-Like Behaviour; 4.2 The Thermodynamics of Deformation; 4.2.1 The Thermoelastic Inversion Effect; 4.3 The Statistical Theory; 4.3.1 Simplifying Assumptions; 4.3.2 Average Length of a Molecule between Cross-Links 327 $a4.3.3 The Entropy of a Single Chain4.3.4 The Elasticity of a Molecular Network; 4.4 Modifications of Simple Molecular Theory; 4.4.1 The Phantom Network Model; 4.4.2 The Constrained Junction Model; 4.4.3 The Slip Link Model; 4.4.4 The Inverse Langevin Approximation; 4.4.5 The Conformational Exhaustion Model; 4.4.6 The Effect of Strain-Induced Crystallisation; 4.5 The Internal Energy Contribution to Rubber Elasticity; 4.6 Conclusions; References; Further Reading; 5 Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour; 5.1 Viscoelasticity as a Phenomenon; 5.1.1 Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour; 5.1.2 Creep 327 $a5.1.3 Stress Relaxation5.2 Mathematical Representation of Linear Viscoelasticity; 5.2.1 The Boltzmann Superposition Principle; 5.2.2 The Stress Relaxation Modulus; 5.2.3 The Formal Relationship between Creep and Stress Relaxation; 5.2.4 Mechanical Models, Relaxation and Retardation Time Spectra; 5.2.5 The Kelvin or Voigt Model; 5.2.6 The Maxwell Model; 5.2.7 The Standard Linear Solid; 5.2.8 Relaxation Time Spectra and Retardation Time Spectra; 5.3 Dynamical Mechanical Measurements: The Complex Modulus and Complex Compliance 327 $a5.3.1 Experimental Patterns for G1, G2 and so on as a Function of Frequency 330 $a"A substantially updated version of the previous 1983, combined with material from the highly regarded 2004 edition with the detailed mechanics of the first edition. Providing an updated and comprehensive account of the properties of solid polymers, the book covers all aspects of mechanical behaviour. This includes finite elastic behavior, linear viscoelasticity and mechanical relaxations, mechanical anisotropy, non-linear viscoelasicity, yield behavior and fracture. New to this edition is coverage of polymer nanocomposites, and molecular interpretations of yield, e.g. Bowden, Young, and Argon. The book begins by focusing on the structure of polymers, including their chemical composition and physical structure. It goes on to discuss the mechanical properties and behaviour of polymers, the statistical molecular theories of the rubber-like state and describes aspects of linear viscoelastic behaviour, its measurement, and experimental studies. Later chapters cover composites and experimental behaviour, relaxation transitions, stress and yielding. 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