LEADER 01381nam0-2200421---450- 001 990000541150203316 005 20090611121809.0 010 $a88-387-2088-6 035 $a0054115 035 $aUSA010054115 035 $a(ALEPH)000054115USA01 035 $a0054115 100 $a20010704d2001----y0itay0103 ba 101 $aita 102 $aIT 105 $aa 00||| 200 1 $a<> cantieri stradali$eprocedimenti autorizzatori, segnalamento temporaneo, attivitą di vigilanza con schemi segnaletici a colori e modulistica$fCataldo Lo Iacono, Elena Fiore 205 $a2. ed 210 $aRimini$cMaggioli$dcopyr. 2001 215 $a215 p.$cill.$d24 cm 225 2 $aStrumenti per le forze di polizia$v13 410 0$12001$aStrumenti per le forze di polizia 606 0 $aCircolazione stradale$xSicurezza 606 0 $aCantieri edili$xSicurezza 676 $a363.1256 700 1$aLO IACONO,$bCataldo$0344127 701 1$aFIORE,$bElena$040134 801 0$aIT$bBNI$c20001219$gRICA 912 $a990000541150203316 951 $a363 LOI 1 (IG V 731)$b30010 G.$c(IG V)$d00075285 959 $aBK 969 $aGIU 979 $aALESSANDRA$b40$c20010704$lUSA01$h1000 979 $c20020403$lUSA01$h1703 979 $aPATRY$b90$c20040406$lUSA01$h1638 979 $aRSIAV5$b90$c20090611$lUSA01$h1218 996 $aCantieri stradali$9885799 997 $aUNISA LEADER 04233nam 22006255 450 001 9910586633503321 005 20251202145451.0 010 $a9783031065361$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9783031065354 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-06536-1 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7073381 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7073381 035 $a(CKB)24429525700041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-06536-1 035 $a(PPN)266262414 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924429525700041 100 $a20220813d2022 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPolitical Opposition in Authoritarianism $eExit, Voice and Loyalty in Kazakhstan /$fby Rico Isaacs 205 $a1st ed. 2022. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2022. 215 $a1 online resource (168 pages) 225 1 $aThe Theories, Concepts and Practices of Democracy,$x2947-4477 311 08$aPrint version: Isaacs, Rico Political Opposition in Authoritarianism Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783031065354 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1. Introduction: Authoritarian Institutions, Regimes and Political Opposition -- 2. Defining, Conceptualising and Theorising Opposition-Regime Relations in Authoritarian Regimes -- 3. Exit, Voice, Loyalty: An Analytical Framework for Opposition Agency in Authoritarian Regimes -- 4. The Development of a Personalist-Authoritarianism Regime in Kazakhstan -- 5. Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Opposition Strategies and Choice from above in Kazakhstan -- 6. Non-Oligarchic Public Voice in Kazakhstan from Below 2011-2022 -- 7. Conclusion. 330 $aHow might political opposition shape regime outcomes over time in an authoritarian system? Most studies on political opposition in authoritarian contexts tend to focus on the agency of the regime over and above that of the political opposition. Using Albert Hirschman?s framework of exit, voice and loyalty, this book examines the case of Kazakhstani opposition agency over 30 years to explore the extent to which political opposition in Kazakhstan has shaped the dynamics of authoritarian regime development in the country. What the analysis reveals is that in Kazakhstan the regime has tended to treat formal institutional political opposition as neither a credible nor non-credible threat. Consequently, the Kazakhstani regime has always responded to opposition exit and voice with sanctions and institutional adaption which strengthened the regime in the short to medium term, but left them exposed to spontaneous, grassroots non-institutional opposition in the longer term. This spontaneous grassroots opposition emerged in Kazakhstan as a series of ?shocks? crystalised in the 2011 events in Zhanaozen, the 2016 land protests, the 2019 election protests and the events of ?qandy qantar? (bloody January) in 2022. What this book illustrates is how authoritarian regimes which treat opposition threats ambiguously are likely to end up in a continuous state of instability because the feedback provided by opposition agency disappears leaving the regime susceptible to spontaneous opposition. Rico Isaacs is Professor of International Politics at the University of Lincoln, UK. 410 0$aThe Theories, Concepts and Practices of Democracy,$x2947-4477 606 $aComparative government 606 $aAsia$xPolitics and government 606 $aPolitical science 606 $aComparative Politics 606 $aAsian Politics 606 $aPolitical Theory 606 $aGovernance and Government 615 0$aComparative government. 615 0$aAsia$xPolitics and government. 615 0$aPolitical science. 615 14$aComparative Politics. 615 24$aAsian Politics. 615 24$aPolitical Theory. 615 24$aGovernance and Government. 676 $a322.4 676 $a958.43086 700 $aIsaacs$b Rico$01206634 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910586633503321 996 $aPolitical Opposition in Authoritarianism$92905928 997 $aUNINA