LEADER 05395nam 2201357z- 450 001 9910585936703321 005 20220812 035 $a(CKB)5600000000483118 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/91140 035 $a(oapen)doab91140 035 $a(EXLCZ)995600000000483118 100 $a20202208d2022 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAdvances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 2021 210 $aBasel$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2022 215 $a1 online resource (266 p.) 311 08$a3-0365-4573-5 311 08$a3-0365-4574-3 330 $aUnit metallurgical operations processes are usually separated into three categories: 1) hydrometallurgy (leaching, mixing, neutralization, precipitation, cementation, and crystallization); 2) pyrometallurgy (roasting and smelting); and 3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). In hydrometallurgy, the aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concentrates to a solution using a selective dissolution (leaching or dry digestion) under an atmospheric pressure below 100 °C and under a high pressure (40-50 bar) and high temperature (below 270°C) in an autoclave. The purification of the obtained solution was performed using neutralization agents such as sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate or more selective precipitation agents such as sodium carbonate and oxalic acid. The separation of metals is possible using a liquid/liquid process (solvent extraction in mixer-settler) and solid-liquid (filtration in filter-press under high pressure). Crystallization is the process by which a metallic compound is converted from a liquid into a solid crystalline state via a supersaturated solution. The final step is metal production using electrochemical methods (aqueous electrolysis for basic metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and molten salt electrolysis for rare earth elements and aluminum). Advanced processes, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and microwave-assisted leaching, can be combined with reduction processes in order to produce metallic powders. 606 $aHistory of engineering and technology$2bicssc 606 $aMining technology and engineering$2bicssc 606 $aTechnology: general issues$2bicssc 610 $aacid mine drainage 610 $aaluminium 610 $aanode slime 610 $aantibacterial 610 $aatomic force microscopy 610 $aatomic layer deposition 610 $abasic sulfate precipitation 610 $acapillary cell 610 $acavitation erosion 610 $acobalt oxide Co3O4 610 $aconductometry 610 $acontinuous vertical cast (CVC), NiTi rod 610 $acopper 610 $acorrosion properties 610 $adesorption 610 $aearly stage cost estimation 610 $aelectrocatalysis 610 $aelectrocatalyst 610 $aelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy 610 $aelectrodeposition 610 $aelectron microscopy 610 $aelectrorefining 610 $aeudialyte 610 $afactorial design 610 $aFe removal 610 $aflotation 610 $agoethite 610 $ahalides 610 $ahigh content 610 $ahydrometallurgy 610 $aimmobilization 610 $aleachate 610 $aleaching 610 $amacroporous polymer 610 $amagnet 610 $amagnetic separation 610 $ametal ions extraction 610 $amixed oxides 610 $aMnO2 610 $amolten salts 610 $an/a 610 $ananocatalyst 610 $ananocomposite 610 $ananoparticles 610 $aNdFeB 610 $aneutralization 610 $aNi 610 $aNiAl2O4 610 $anitinol 610 $anoble metal nanoparticles 610 $anon-commercial copper anode 610 $anon-ferrous metals 610 $aoptical microscopy 610 $aoxidation 610 $aoxygen reduction in alkaline media 610 $apassivation 610 $aPb 610 $apentlandite 610 $aperovskite materials 610 $aphase analysis 610 $apotentiodynamic test 610 $aprecipitation 610 $aPt catalyst 610 $arare earth elements 610 $areaction mechanism 610 $arecycling 610 $ared mud 610 $aSb 610 $aselectivity 610 $asilica 610 $asilver 610 $aSn 610 $asynthesis 610 $atailings reprocessing 610 $athin-layer electrolysis 610 $aultrasonic spray pyrolysis 610 $awaste solution 610 $azirconium 610 $aZnAl2O4 615 7$aHistory of engineering and technology 615 7$aMining technology and engineering 615 7$aTechnology: general issues 700 $aStopic$b Srecko$4edt$01314125 702 $aFriedrich$b Bernd$4edt 702 $aStopic$b Srecko$4oth 702 $aFriedrich$b Bernd$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910585936703321 996 $aAdvances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 2021$93031736 997 $aUNINA