LEADER 05395nam 2201357z- 450 001 9910585936703321 005 20220812 035 $a(CKB)5600000000483118 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/91140 035 $a(oapen)doab91140 035 $a(EXLCZ)995600000000483118 100 $a20202208d2022 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAdvances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 2021 210 $aBasel$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2022 215 $a1 online resource (266 p.) 311 08$a3-0365-4573-5 311 08$a3-0365-4574-3 330 $aUnit metallurgical operations processes are usually separated into three categories: 1) hydrometallurgy (leaching, mixing, neutralization, precipitation, cementation, and crystallization); 2) pyrometallurgy (roasting and smelting); and 3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). In hydrometallurgy, the aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concentrates to a solution using a selective dissolution (leaching or dry digestion) under an atmospheric pressure below 100 °C and under a high pressure (40-50 bar) and high temperature (below 270°C) in an autoclave. The purification of the obtained solution was performed using neutralization agents such as sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate or more selective precipitation agents such as sodium carbonate and oxalic acid. The separation of metals is possible using a liquid/liquid process (solvent extraction in mixer-settler) and solid-liquid (filtration in filter-press under high pressure). Crystallization is the process by which a metallic compound is converted from a liquid into a solid crystalline state via a supersaturated solution. The final step is metal production using electrochemical methods (aqueous electrolysis for basic metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and molten salt electrolysis for rare earth elements and aluminum). Advanced processes, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and microwave-assisted leaching, can be combined with reduction processes in order to produce metallic powders. 606 $aHistory of engineering and technology$2bicssc 606 $aMining technology and engineering$2bicssc 606 $aTechnology: general issues$2bicssc 610 $aacid mine drainage 610 $aaluminium 610 $aanode slime 610 $aantibacterial 610 $aatomic force microscopy 610 $aatomic layer deposition 610 $abasic sulfate precipitation 610 $acapillary cell 610 $acavitation erosion 610 $acobalt oxide Co3O4 610 $aconductometry 610 $acontinuous vertical cast (CVC), NiTi rod 610 $acopper 610 $acorrosion properties 610 $adesorption 610 $aearly stage cost estimation 610 $aelectrocatalysis 610 $aelectrocatalyst 610 $aelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy 610 $aelectrodeposition 610 $aelectron microscopy 610 $aelectrorefining 610 $aeudialyte 610 $afactorial design 610 $aFe removal 610 $aflotation 610 $agoethite 610 $ahalides 610 $ahigh content 610 $ahydrometallurgy 610 $aimmobilization 610 $aleachate 610 $aleaching 610 $amacroporous polymer 610 $amagnet 610 $amagnetic separation 610 $ametal ions extraction 610 $amixed oxides 610 $aMnO2 610 $amolten salts 610 $an/a 610 $ananocatalyst 610 $ananocomposite 610 $ananoparticles 610 $aNdFeB 610 $aneutralization 610 $aNi 610 $aNiAl2O4 610 $anitinol 610 $anoble metal nanoparticles 610 $anon-commercial copper anode 610 $anon-ferrous metals 610 $aoptical microscopy 610 $aoxidation 610 $aoxygen reduction in alkaline media 610 $apassivation 610 $aPb 610 $apentlandite 610 $aperovskite materials 610 $aphase analysis 610 $apotentiodynamic test 610 $aprecipitation 610 $aPt catalyst 610 $arare earth elements 610 $areaction mechanism 610 $arecycling 610 $ared mud 610 $aSb 610 $aselectivity 610 $asilica 610 $asilver 610 $aSn 610 $asynthesis 610 $atailings reprocessing 610 $athin-layer electrolysis 610 $aultrasonic spray pyrolysis 610 $awaste solution 610 $azirconium 610 $aZnAl2O4 615 7$aHistory of engineering and technology 615 7$aMining technology and engineering 615 7$aTechnology: general issues 700 $aStopic$b Srecko$4edt$01314125 702 $aFriedrich$b Bernd$4edt 702 $aStopic$b Srecko$4oth 702 $aFriedrich$b Bernd$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910585936703321 996 $aAdvances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 2021$93031736 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05742nam 2200505I 450 001 9910734330703321 005 20251116135628.0 010 $a1-351-66093-4 010 $a1-351-66092-6 010 $a1-315-15990-2 035 $a(CKB)4920000000019673 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5580409 035 $a(OCoLC)1050360758 035 $a(FlBoTFG)9781315159904 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5580409 035 $a(OCoLC)1053982176 035 $a(EXLCZ)994920000000019673 100 $a20181112d2018 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||####||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aFrom Models to Simulations /$fby Franck Varenne 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aBoca Raton, FL :$cRoutledge,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (237 pages) 225 1 $aHistory and philosophy of technoscience 311 08$a1-138-06521-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tContents-- --$tList of figures --$tAcknowledgments --$tList of French abbreviations --$tIntroduction --$tChapter 1 Geometric and botanic simulation --$t1 The probabilistic simulation of branching biological shapes: Cohen (1966) --$t2 The epistemic functions of modular programming, simulation and visualization --$t3 The first geometric and realistic simulation of trees (Honda-Fisher, 1971-1977) --$t4 The limitations of morphometry and of thermodynamics of trees --$t5 The first geometric simulation of an actual tree: Terminalia --$t6 A recap of geometric simulation --$tChapter 2: The logical model and algorithmic simulation of algae --$t1 A botanist won over by logical positivism: the "theory of lifecycles" by A. Lindenmayer (1963-1965) --$t2 Unusable set of axioms and used set of axioms --$t3 From logical theory to automata theory (1966-1967) --$t4 The "developmental model" and the rules of rewriting (1968) --$t5 The dispute with Brian Carey Goodwin regarding "natural" formalisms --$t6 Recap: the computer as automata model and deductive machine --$tChapter 3: The limitations of biometric models and the transition to simulation in agronomy --$t1 The institutional and technical context of the IFCC (1966-1971) --$t2 Transferring a little bit of econometrics to biometrics: a problem of optimization (1974) --$t3 The first application of plant simulation in agronomics (1974-1975) --$t4 Fragmented modelling and geometric simulation: de Reffye (1975-1981) --$t5 Simulation, imitation and the sub-symbolic use of formalisms --$tChapter 4: A random and universal architectural simulation --$t1 Making headway in botany: the notion of "architectural model" (1966-1978) --$t2 The search for botanical realism (1978-1979) --$t3 Criticisms of theoretical models --$t4 Criticisms of biometric models --$t5 A mixed reception (1979-1981) --$tChapter 5: Convergence between integrative simulation and computer graphics --$t1 The relaunch of research into architectural simulation (1985-1991) --$t2 Jaegers thesis: the prefixed model and synthesis of botanical images (1987) --$t3 Blaises thesis: the simulation of buds parallelism (1991) --$t4 How can an integrative simulation be validated? --$tChapter 6: Convergence between universal simulation and forestry (1990-1998) --$t1 An epistemological dispute between modellers: INRA and CIRAD --$t2 Conceptual and institutional convergence: the CIRAD/INRA partner laboratory (1995) --$t3 The empirical value of simulation --$t4 Supra-simulations --$tChapter 7: The remathematization of simulations (from 1998 onwards) --$t1 The first mixed structure-function model: "water efficiency" (1997-1999) --$t2 The parallel evolution of algorithmic simulation: 1984-1994 --$t3 Simulating the individual plant in order to observe crop functioning (1997-2000) --$t4 The association between AMAP and INRIA: sub-structures and factorization (1998-2006) --$t5 Recap: pluriformalized simulation and convergence between disciplines --$tChapter 8: Twenty-one functions of models and three types of simulations Classifications and applications --$t1 General function, main functions and specific functions of models --$t2 General characterization and classification of computer simulations --$t3 System simulation, model simulation, system-simulation model and model-simulation model --$t4 Applications to different plant models and plant simulations --$tConclusion --$t--Glossary --$tSelected Bibliography --$tIndex of names --$tIndex of subjects 330 3 $aThis book analyses the impact computerization has had on contemporary science and explains the origins, technical nature and epistemological consequences of the current decisive interplay between technology and science: an intertwining of formalism, computation, data acquisition, data and visualization and how these factors have led to the spread of simulation models since the 1950s. Using historical, comparative and interpretative case studies from a range of disciplines, with a particular emphasis on the case of plant studies, the author shows how and why computers, data treatment devices and programming languages have occasioned a gradual but irresistible and massive shift from mathematical models to computer simulations. 410 0$aHistory and philosophy of technoscience. 606 $aBiological systems$xMathematical models 606 $aBiological systems$xComputer simulation 615 0$aBiological systems$xMathematical models. 615 0$aBiological systems$xComputer simulation. 676 $a570.1/13 700 $aVarenne$b Franck$01140062 801 0$bFlBoTFG 801 1$bFlBoTFG 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910734330703321 996 $aFrom Models to Simulations$93404180 997 $aUNINA