LEADER 05352nam 2201333z- 450 001 9910585936703321 005 20231214132924.0 035 $a(CKB)5600000000483118 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/91140 035 $a(EXLCZ)995600000000483118 100 $a20202208d2022 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAdvances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 2021 210 $aBasel$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2022 215 $a1 electronic resource (266 p.) 311 $a3-0365-4573-5 311 $a3-0365-4574-3 330 $aUnit metallurgical operations processes are usually separated into three categories: 1) hydrometallurgy (leaching, mixing, neutralization, precipitation, cementation, and crystallization); 2) pyrometallurgy (roasting and smelting); and 3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). In hydrometallurgy, the aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concentrates to a solution using a selective dissolution (leaching or dry digestion) under an atmospheric pressure below 100 °C and under a high pressure (40-50 bar) and high temperature (below 270°C) in an autoclave. The purification of the obtained solution was performed using neutralization agents such as sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate or more selective precipitation agents such as sodium carbonate and oxalic acid. The separation of metals is possible using a liquid/liquid process (solvent extraction in mixer-settler) and solid?liquid (filtration in filter-press under high pressure). Crystallization is the process by which a metallic compound is converted from a liquid into a solid crystalline state via a supersaturated solution. The final step is metal production using electrochemical methods (aqueous electrolysis for basic metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and molten salt electrolysis for rare earth elements and aluminum). Advanced processes, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and microwave-assisted leaching, can be combined with reduction processes in order to produce metallic powders. 606 $aTechnology: general issues$2bicssc 606 $aHistory of engineering & technology$2bicssc 606 $aMining technology & engineering$2bicssc 610 $azirconium 610 $aeudialyte 610 $ahydrometallurgy 610 $abasic sulfate precipitation 610 $amacroporous polymer 610 $agoethite 610 $afactorial design 610 $adesorption 610 $atailings reprocessing 610 $aearly stage cost estimation 610 $amagnetic separation 610 $aleaching 610 $aflotation 610 $asilica 610 $aultrasonic spray pyrolysis 610 $asynthesis 610 $aacid mine drainage 610 $ared mud 610 $aneutralization 610 $aimmobilization 610 $aprecipitation 610 $anitinol 610 $acontinuous vertical cast (CVC), NiTi rod 610 $aatomic layer deposition 610 $acorrosion properties 610 $apotentiodynamic test 610 $aelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy 610 $arare earth elements 610 $arecycling 610 $aNdFeB 610 $amagnet 610 $anon-ferrous metals 610 $acavitation erosion 610 $aoptical microscopy 610 $aelectron microscopy 610 $aatomic force microscopy 610 $aaluminium 610 $athin-layer electrolysis 610 $amolten salts 610 $ahalides 610 $acapillary cell 610 $aelectrorefining 610 $anon-commercial copper anode 610 $awaste solution 610 $ahigh content 610 $aNi 610 $aPb 610 $aSn 610 $aSb 610 $apassivation 610 $aanode slime 610 $apentlandite 610 $aoxidation 610 $areaction mechanism 610 $aphase analysis 610 $asilver 610 $acopper 610 $ananoparticles 610 $aantibacterial 610 $aMnO2 610 $acobalt oxide Co3O4 610 $aperovskite materials 610 $aoxygen reduction in alkaline media 610 $aelectrocatalyst 610 $aPt catalyst 610 $ananocomposite 610 $amixed oxides 610 $aNiAl2O4 610 $aZnAl2O4 610 $aelectrocatalysis 610 $ananocatalyst 610 $anoble metal nanoparticles 610 $aleachate 610 $ametal ions extraction 610 $aselectivity 610 $aFe removal 610 $aelectrodeposition 610 $aconductometry 615 7$aTechnology: general issues 615 7$aHistory of engineering & technology 615 7$aMining technology & engineering 700 $aStopic$b Srecko$4edt$01314125 702 $aFriedrich$b Bernd$4edt 702 $aStopic$b Srecko$4oth 702 $aFriedrich$b Bernd$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910585936703321 996 $aAdvances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 2021$93031736 997 $aUNINA