LEADER 09227nam 22004814 450 001 9910583500203321 005 20240506085846.0 010 $a0-12-805288-0 010 $a0-12-805151-5 035 $a(CKB)4100000001474176 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5166118 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000001474176 100 $a20180104d2018 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aIntroduction to petroleum biotechnology /$fJames G. Speight, Nour Shafik El-Gendy 210 1$aCambridge, Massachusetts ;$aOxford, United Kingdom :$cGulf Professional Publishing,$d2018. 210 4$dİ2018 215 $a1 online resource (551 pages) $cillustrations, charts, tables 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aFront Cover -- Introduction to Petroleum Biotechnology -- Introduction to Petroleum Biotechnology -- Copyright -- Contents -- Biography by Dr. James G. Speight -- Biography by Dr. Nour Shafik El-Gendy -- Preface -- 1 - PETROLEUM COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 CRUDE OIL -- 2.1 CRUDE OIL FROM TIGHT FORMATIONS -- 2.2 OPPORTUNITY CRUDES -- 2.3 HIGH ACID CRUDES -- 2.4 FOAMY OIL -- 3.0 HEAVY OIL AND EXTRA HEAVY OIL -- 3.1 HEAVY OIL -- 3.2 EXTRA HEAVY OIL -- 4.0 TAR SAND BITUMEN -- 5.0 COMPOSITION -- 5.1 ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION -- 5.2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION -- 5.3 COMPOSITION BY VOLATILITY -- 5.4 COMPOSITION BY FRACTIONATION -- 5.5 COMPOSITION BY SPECTROSCOPY -- 5.6 COMPOSITION BY CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 5.6.1 Adsorption Chromatography -- 5.6.2 Gas Chromatography -- 5.6.3 Gel Permeation Chromatography -- 5.6.4 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- 5.6.5 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 6.0 PROPERTIES -- 6.1 ACID NUMBER -- 6.2 DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY -- 6.3 SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSION -- 6.4 VISCOSITY -- 6.5 VOLATILITY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 2 - REFINERY PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 GASEOUS PRODUCTS -- 2.1 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS -- 2.2 NATURAL GAS -- 2.3 SHALE GAS -- 2.4 REFINERY GAS -- 3.0 LIQUID PRODUCTS -- 3.1 NAPHTHA -- 3.2 GASOLINE -- 3.3 SOLVENTS -- 3.4 KEROSENE AND DIESEL FUEL -- 3.5 FUEL OIL -- 3.6 LUBRICATING OIL -- 3.7 WHITE OIL, INSULATING OIL, INSECTICIDES -- 3.7.1 White Oil -- 3.7.2 Insulating Oil -- 3.7.3 Insecticides -- 4.0 SEMI-SOLID AND SOLID PRODUCTS -- 4.1 GREASE -- 4.2 WAX -- 4.3 ASPHALT -- 4.4 COKE -- 5.0 PROCESS WASTES -- 5.1 GASES AND LOWER BOILING CONSTITUENTS -- 5.2 HIGHER BOILING CONSTITUENTS -- 5.3 WASTEWATER -- 5.4 SPENT CAUSTIC -- 5.5 SOLID WASTE -- REFERENCES -- 3 - INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 PRINCIPLES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. 327 $a2.1 HISTORY -- 2.2 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 2.3 APPLICATIONS IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY -- 3.0 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PETROLEUM CONSTITUENTS -- 3.1 ALKANE DERIVATIVES -- 3.2 AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES -- 3.3 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES -- 3.4 HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES -- 4.0 FACTORS AFFECTING BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.1 CONDITIONS FOR BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.2 EFFECTS OF BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.3 EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS -- 4.4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE -- 4.5 RATES OF BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 5.0 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CRUDE OIL IN THE RESERVOIR -- 5.1 RESERVOIR CHARACTER -- 5.2 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS -- 5.3 PRESSURE EFFECTS -- 6.0 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 4 - MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 OIL RECOVERY -- 2.1 PRIMARY PROCESSES -- 2.2 SECONDARY PROCESSES -- 2.3 TERTIARY PROCESSES -- 3.0 MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY -- 3.1 APPROACHES -- 3.1.1 Microbes and Nutrients -- 3.1.2 Ex Situ Production of Metabolites -- 3.1.3 In Situ Production of Metabolites -- 3.2 MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS -- 3.3 CHANGES IN RESERVOIR ROCK PERMEABILITY -- 3.4 CHANGES IN RESERVOIR ROCK WETTABILITY -- 3.5 BIOLOGICAL DEMULSIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL -- 4.0 UPGRADING DURING RECOVERY -- 5.0 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 5 - BIO-UPGRADING HEAVY CRUDE OIL -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 BIODESULFURIZATION -- 3.0 BIODENITROGENATION -- 4.0 BIODEMETALLIZATION -- 5.0 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF HEAVY CRUDE OIL -- 5.1 BIODEAROMATIZATION -- 5.2 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF ASPHALTENE CONSTITUENTS -- 6.0 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 6 - BIOCATALYTIC DESULFURIZATION -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 DESULFURIZATION -- 2.1 HYDRODESULFURIZATION -- 2.2 ADSORPTIVE DESULFURIZATION -- 2.3 OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION -- 3.0 BIOCATALYTIC DESULFURIZATION. 327 $a4.0 BIODESULFURIZATION OF CRUDE OIL AND ITS FRACTIONS -- 4.1 ENZYMATIC OXIDATION OF ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS -- 4.2 LONG-TERM REPEATED SPECIFIC BIODESULFURIZATION BY IMMOBILIZATION -- 4.3 NANOBIOCATALYTIC DESULFURIZATION -- 5.0 BIODESULFURIZATION REACTORS -- 6.0 CASE STUDIES -- 7.0 CHALLENGES AND THE FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 7 - BIOCATALYTIC DENITROGENATION -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 NITROGEN IN CRUDE OIL -- 3.0 DENITROGENATION -- 3.1 HYDRODENITROGENATION -- 3.2 THERMAL DENITROGENATION -- 4.0 BIOCATALYTIC DENITROGENATION -- 5.0 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 8 - BIOTRANSFORMATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 2.1 METHOD PARAMETERS -- 2.2 MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION -- 2.3 USE OF BIOSURFACTANTS -- 2.4 BIOENGINEERING IN BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 3.1 NATURAL BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 3.2 METHODS OF BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 3.3 ENHANCED BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 3.4 BIOSTIMULATION AND BIOAUGMENTATION -- 3.5 IN SITU AND EX SITU BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.0 PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.1 FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF BIOREMEDIATION -- 4.2 TEMPERATURE -- 4.3 ACIDITY-ALKALINITY -- 4.4 EFFECT OF SALT -- 4.5 BIOAVAILABILITY OF THE CONTAMINANT -- 4.5 CONTAMINANT COMPOSITION -- 5.0 MECHANISM OF BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 5.1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS -- 5.2 KINETIC ASPECTS -- 6.0 TEST METHODS FOR BIOTRANSFORMATION -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 9 - CHEMISTRY OF BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 BIODEGRADING MICROORGANISMS -- 3.0 ANAEROBIC BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.0 AEROBIC BIOTRANSFORMATION -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 10 - BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 KINETICS OF PETROLEUM BIOTRANSFORMATION IN SOIL -- 3.0 ASPECTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF BIOTRANSFORMATION. 327 $a3.1 INDIGENOUS AND AUGMENTED MICROBIAL POPULATION -- 3.2 POLLUTANT TYPE AND CONCENTRATION -- 3.3 DEGREE OF WEATHERING -- 3.4 NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION -- 3.5 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE -- 3.6 MOISTURE CONTENT -- 3.7 SOIL TYPE -- 3.8 SOIL INTERACTION WITH MACROORGANISMS -- 3.9 AERATION -- 3.10 SOIL ACIDITY-ALKALINITY -- 3.11 HEAVY METALS -- 3.12 SURFACTANTS -- 4.0 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- 4.1 CONVENTIONAL BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.2 ENHANCED BIOTRANSFORMATION -- 4.3 BIOTRANSFORMATION IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 11 - BIOREMEDIATION OF MARINE OIL SPILLS -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 FATE OF AQUATIC OIL SPILLS -- 2.1 SPREADING AND ADVECTION -- 2.2 EVAPORATION -- 2.3 DISSOLUTION -- 2.4 PHOTO-OXIDATION -- 2.5 EMULSIFICATION -- 2.6 NATURAL DISPERSION -- 2.7 SEDIMENTATION AND SINKING -- 2.8 DEGRADATION -- 3.0 OIL SPILL REMEDIATION METHODS -- 3.1 BOOMING FLOATING OIL -- 3.2 SKIMMERS -- 3.3 PUMPS OR VACUUMS -- 3.4 IN SITU BURNING -- 3.5 DISPERSANTS -- 3.6 ADSORBENTS -- 3.7 BIOREMEDIATION -- 4.0 FACTORS INFLUENCING RATES OF OIL SPILL BIOREMEDIATION -- 4.1 NUTRIENTS -- 4.2 OIL CONCENTRATION -- 4.3 BIOAVAILABILITY OF CONTAMINANT -- 4.4 TEMPERATURE -- 4.5 OXYGEN AVAILABILITY -- 4.6 PRESSURE -- 4.7 ACIDITY-ALKALINITY -- 4.8 SALINITY -- 5.0 BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY FOR A MARINE OIL -- 6.0 PREVENTION AND RESPONSE -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 12 - THE FUTURE OF PETROLEUM BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 STATUS -- 2.1 BIOREFINING -- 2.2 BIODESULFURIZATION, BIODENITROGENATION, AND BIODEMETALLIZATION -- 2.2.1 Biodesulfurization -- 2.2.2 Biodenitrogenation -- 2.2.3 Biodemetallization -- 3.0 TECHNOLOGY POTENTIAL -- 4.0 THE BIOREFINERY -- 5.0 FUTURE TRENDS -- REFERENCES -- Conversion Factors -- Glossary -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X. 327 $aY -- Z -- Back Cover -- CHAPTER 12 - THE FUTURE OF PETROLEUM BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 1.0 INTRODUCTION -- 2.0 STATUS -- 2.1 BIOREFINING -- 2.2 BIODESULFURIZATION, BIODENITROGENATION, AND BIODEMETALLIZATION -- 2.2.1 Biodesulfurization -- 2.2.2 Biodenitrogenation -- 2.2.3 Biodemetallization -- 3.0 TECHNOLOGY POTENTIAL -- 4.0 THE BIOREFINERY -- 5.0 FUTURE TRENDS -- REFERENCES. 606 $aPetroleum$xMicrobiology 606 $aMinerals$xBiotechnology 615 0$aPetroleum$xMicrobiology. 615 0$aMinerals$xBiotechnology. 676 $a547.83 676 $a665.538 700 $aSpeight$b James G.$017073 702 $aShafik El-Gendy$b Nour 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910583500203321 996 $aIntroduction to petroleum biotechnology$92055580 997 $aUNINA