LEADER 10975nam 2200505 450 001 9910566693903321 005 20221111155553.0 010 $a1-119-55435-7 010 $a1-119-55437-3 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6942744 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6942744 035 $a(CKB)21441305200041 035 $a(EXLCZ)9921441305200041 100 $a20221111d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aSystems biogeochemistry of major marine biomes /$fedited by Aninda Mazumdar 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cWiley,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (333 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Mazumdar, Aninda Systems Biogeochemistry of Major Marine Biomes Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2022 9781119554387 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Biome I Continental Margins -- 1 Biogeochemistry of Marine Oxygen Minimum Zones with Special Emphasis on the Northern Indian Ocean -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 The Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone -- 1.1.2 The Bay of Bengal Oxygen Minimum Zone -- 1.2 Preservation of Organic matter and Sediment Biogeochemistry -- 1.3 Pore Fluid Geochemistry -- 1.4 Sedimentary Sulfidization and Sulfurization -- 1.5 Benthic Biology -- 1.6 Microbial Metabolism in the Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column and Sediment -- 1.7 Nitrogen Metabolism in the Marine Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column -- 1.8 Microbiological Perspective of Sulfur Metabolism in the Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column -- 1.9 Microbiology of Methane Cycling in the Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column -- 1.10 Microbial Metabolism in Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Sediments -- 1.11 Oxygen Minimum Zone expansion -- 1.12 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 Sedimentary Records of Present and Past Marine Sulfur Cycling -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Stable Sulfur Isotopes - a Tool for Reconstructing Spatial and Temporal Changes in Sulfur Cycling -- 2.3. The Modern Marine Realm -- 2.4. Oceanic Sulfate and its Evolution Through Time -- 2.5. Pyrite and Organic-Bound Sulfur as Recorders of Microbial Sulfur Cycling in the Past -- 2.6. Mass-Independently Fractionated Sulfur Isotopes - a record of Earth's Oxygenation -- 2.7. Summary and Direction of Future Research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 The Role of Microorganisms in Iron Reduction in Marine Sediments -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. THE REDOX ZONES IN SHALLOW MARINE SEDIMENTS -- 3.3. BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF IRON REDUCTION -- 3.3.1. The Specificity of Microbial Pathways with Respect to Iron -- 3.3.2. Microbial Strategies to Reduce Solid Iron Phases. 327 $a3.3.3. Uptake of Iron as a Nutrient -- 3.4. DIVERSITY OF POTENTIAL IRON-REDUCING AND IRON-OXIDIZING ORGANISMS -- 3.4.1. Correlation of Phylogenetic Abundances with Porewater Chemistry Data -- 3.4.2. Diversity of Iron Reducers in Suboxic Zones -- 3.4.3. Methanogenic Zones -- 3.4.4. The Phylogenetic Tree of Marine Iron Reducers -- 3.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 4 Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen in the Marine System with Special Emphasis on the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sources of Nitrogen for the Ocean -- 4.2.1 Riverine and Groundwater Input -- 4.2.2 Atmospheric Deposition -- 4.2.3 Volcanic Input -- 4.2.4 Marine Upwelling -- 4.3 Marine Nitrogen Biogeochemistry -- 4.3.1 Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- 4.3.2 Nitrogen Assimilation -- 4.3.3 Nitrification -- 4.3.4 Denitrification -- 4.3.5 Ammonium Production in the Marine Realm -- 4.3.6 Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia -- 4.3.7 Anammox -- 4.3.8 Nitrate/Nitrite-Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation -- 4.4. N-cycle in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.1 Nitrogen Fixation in Sediments -- 4.4.2 Nitrification in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.3 Denitrification in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.4 Anammox in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.5 Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia In Marine Sediments -- 4.5 Nitrogen Cycling in the Northern Indian Ocean -- 4.5.1 Pelagic Nitrogen Cycle in Oxygen Minimum Zones -- 4.5.2 Sedimentary Denitrification and Anammox Rates in the Arabian Sea -- 4.6 Nitrogen isotopic values in sinking particulates -- 4.6.1 15N in Marine Sediments from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal -- 4.7 Summary -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 5 Organic Carbon in Sediments of the Western Indian Margin -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Organic Matter and Organic Carbon -- 5.3. Organic Carbon Distribution in the World Ocean and the Arabian Sea. 327 $a5.4. Methods Adopted to Determine OC in the Arabian Sea -- 5.5. Processes Responsible for Primary Productivity and Transport of Organic Carbon -- 5.6. Oxygen Minimum Zone and Organic Carbon -- 5.7. Studies Carried out on Organic Carbon from the Western Margin of India -- 5.7.1. Particulate/Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Water Column -- 5.7.2. Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments -- 5.7.3. Variations in Organic Carbon in the Sediment Cores -- 5.7.4. Early Diagenesis of Organic Matter and the Sedimentary Environment -- 5.8. Summary and Future Work -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Biome II Ocean Depths -- 6 Deep Subsurface Microbiomes of the Marine Realm -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. ECOSYSTEM CONSTRAINTS IN THE MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACE -- 6.3. FACTORS CONSTRAINING THE STUDY OF MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACES -- 6.4. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACES -- 6.4.1. Major Sites of Exploration and Their Geological Contexts -- 6.4.2. Geomicrobiology of Marine Deep Subsurfaces -- 6.4.3. Geomicrobiology of Marine Subsurfaces > -- 5 mbsf -- 6.5. SUMMING UP THE GEOMICROBIOLOGY OF THE MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACE -- 6.6. ULTRASLOW METABOLISM AND SUSTAINABILITY OF DEEP LIFE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EVOLUTION AND ASTROBIOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- 7 Biogeochemistry of Marine Petroleum Systems -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. FORMATION OF OIL RESERVOIRS -- 7.3. ECOSYSTEM CONSTRAINTS AND HABITABILITY OF PETROLEUM BASINS -- 7.4. MICROBIOME FRAMEWORK OF PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS -- 7.5. MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS IN MARINE OIL RESERVOIRS -- 7.5.1. Anaerobic Breakdown of Hydrocarbons and Fermentation -- 7.5.2. Methanogenesis -- 7.5.3. Sulfate Reduction -- 7.6. SUMMARY VIEW OF THE POTENTIAL NETWORK OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN OFFSHORE OIL RESERVOIRS -- 7.7. EFFECTS OF BIODEGRADATION ON PETROLEUM PROPERTIES. 327 $a7.8. DELETERIOUS MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES: HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCTION (SOURING) AND ITS REMEDIATION WITH NITRATE -- 7.9. IN SITU MICROBIAL PROCESSES BENEFICIAL TO OIL RECOVERY -- 7.10. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Biome III Polar Oceans -- 8 Biogeochemical Processes in the Arctic Ocean -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The Arctic Ocean and its Biogeochemistry -- 8.3. Response of the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Fjords to Climate Change -- 8.4. Biochemical Effects of Glacial Discharge on Marine Resources -- 8.5. Effect of Biochemical Changes on Primary and Secondary Production -- 8.6. Arctic Permafrost -- 8.6.1 Biogeochemistry and Significance of Arctic Permafrost -- 8.6.2 Impact of Thawing Permafrost on Arctic Environment -- 8.7. Summary and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Biogeochemistry and Ecology of the Indian Sectorof the Southern Ocean -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Role of Currents and Oceanic Fronts in the Southern Ocean -- 9.3. Nutrients in the Southern Ocean -- 9.4. Southern Ocean Plankton Ecology -- 9.5. Ocean Carbonate Chemistry -- 9.6. Sea Ice and Implications for Future Global Change -- 9.7. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Benthic Biome of the Southern Ocean: Present State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean -- 10.2.1 The High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll Zone and Productivity -- 10.2.2 Antarctic Circumpolar Current -- 10.2.3 Carbon Immobilization and Benthic Carbon Flux -- 10.2.4 Retreat of Sea Ice and Benthic Blue Carbon -- 10.3 Benthic Ecoregions and Biodiversity -- 10.3.1 Meiobenthos -- 10.3.2 Macrobenthos -- 10.3.3 Megabenthos -- 10.3.4 Functional Types -- 10.4 Evolutionary Setting and Unique Trait Modalities -- 10.5 Biotic interaction -- 10.6 Dispersal and Endemism -- 10.7 Climate Change and Benthos. 327 $a10.8 Conservation and Future Perspectives -- 10.9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Biogeochemistry of the Antarctic Coasts: Implications for Biodiversity and Climate Change -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biogeochemical Cycles on the Antarctic Coast -- 11.3 Antarctic Coastal Features in the Context of Biogeochemistry and Climate Change -- 11.3.1 Sea Ice -- 11.3.2 Coastal Polynyas -- 11.3.3 Fast Ice -- 11.3.4 Ice Shelves -- 11.3.5 Ice Sheets -- 11.4 Interlink Between Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate Change -- 11.5 Floral and microbial diversity of Antarctica: Distribution and Implications for Climate Change -- 11.5.1 Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea -- 11.5.2 Diversity of Fungi -- 11.5.3 Diversity of Lichens -- 11.5.4 Diversity of Cyanobacteria -- 11.5.5 Diversity of Seaweeds -- 11.5.6 Diversity of Snow Algae -- 11.6 Climate Change and its Effect on Algal Biodiversity -- 11.7 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Biome IV Extreme Environments -- 12 Geomicrobiology at a Physicochemical Limit for Life: Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Geographical and Geological Overview of Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins -- 12.3. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins as Physicochemical Limits of the Earth's Biosphere -- 12.4. Geomicrobial Dynamics in Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins Across the Global Ocean -- 12.4.1. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins of the Mediterranean Sea -- 12.4.2. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins of the Red Sea -- 12.4.3. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins of the Gulf of Mexico -- 12.4.4. The Solitary Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basin of the Black Sea -- 12.5. A Universal Biogeochemical Framework for all Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins (and Other High-Entropy O2-Scarce Marine Microbiomes?) -- 12.6. Astrobiological Implications of Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins -- References. 327 $a13 Ecology of Cold Seep Habitats. 606 $aBiogeochemistry 606 $aChemical oceanography 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aBiogeochemistry. 615 0$aChemical oceanography. 676 $a577.14 702 $aMazumdar$b Aninda 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910566693903321 996 $aSystems Biogeochemistry of Major Marine Biomes$92839702 997 $aUNINA