LEADER 02905 am 22005653u 450 001 9910306645103321 005 20220530024615.0 010 $a3-16-152497-7 024 7 $a10.1628/978-3-16-152497-4 035 $a(CKB)2550000001114568 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1375450 035 $a(ScCtBLL)5cb9dc53-b8a3-486f-a643-dd20dccb8a31 035 $a5464 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/36955 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001114568 100 $a20130726d2013 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aBismarck's institutions $ea historical perspective on the social security hypothesis /$fBeatrice Scheubel 205 $a1. Aufl. 210 $cMohr Siebeck$d2013 210 1$aTu?bingen :$cMohr Siebeck,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (296 pages) $cillustrations 225 0 $aBeitra?ge zur Finanzwissenschaft,$x0340-675X ;$v31 311 $a3-16-152272-9 311 $a1-299-83189-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 330 $aThe decline in birth rates in advanced economies is not a new phenomenon. Between 1880 and 1900 birth rates dropped from 5.5 children per woman to 2.5 children per woman. A further decline from 2.5 to 1.5 or even 1.3 children took much longer -- about 80 years. One of the most apparent causes is, however, widely ignored. Beatrice Scheubel tries to fill this gap. According to the so-called Social Security Hypothesis, insurance against the risks of life (i.e. poverty for all sorts of reasons, in particular, age) by the state crowds out all types of private insurance. One of the (vast) different possibilities to privately insure oneself against poverty is having children. That is why it should not be surprising to witness falling birth rates given the sheer magnitude of the welfare state. In this book, Beatrice Scheubel analyses the effects of the first comprehensive system of social security, which was introduced between 1883 and 1891 in Germany. 606 $aSocial security 606 $aSocial security individual investment accounts 607 $aGermany$xPopulation$xHistory$y19th century 607 $aGermany$xSocial conditions$y19th century 607 $aGermany$2fast 607 $aDeutschland$2gnd 608 $aHistory.$2fast 610 00$aRentenversicherung$aDemographischer Wandel$aGeburtenrückgang$aBismarcks Sozialgesetzgebung$aWirtschaftsgeschichte$a19.-21. Jahrhundert 615 0$aSocial security. 615 0$aSocial security individual investment accounts. 700 $aScheubel$b Beatrice$0989860 701 $aScheubel$b Beatrice$0989860 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910306645103321 996 $aBismarck's institutions$92264096 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03250nam 2200817z- 450 001 9910557792603321 005 20220111 035 $a(CKB)5400000000045462 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76790 035 $a(oapen)doab76790 035 $a(EXLCZ)995400000000045462 100 $a20202201d2021 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aFiber Optic Sensors and Fiber Lasers 210 $aBasel, Switzerland$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2021 215 $a1 online resource (170 p.) 311 08$a3-0365-1518-6 311 08$a3-0365-1517-8 330 $aThe optical fiber industry is emerging from the market for selling simple accessories using optical fiber to the new optical-IT convergence sensor market combined with high value-added smart industries such as the bio industry. Among them, fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers are growing faster and more accurately by utilizing fiber optics in various fields such as shipbuilding, construction, energy, military, railway, security, and medical.This Special Issue aims to present novel and innovative applications of sensors and devices based on fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers, and covers a wide range of applications of optical sensors. In this Special Issue, original research articles, as well as reviews, have been published. 606 $aResearch and information: general$2bicssc 610 $a2H-TaSe2 nano-materials 610 $aairway management 610 $abandpass filter 610 $aBrillouin scattering 610 $acholesteric liquid crystal 610 $aconducting polymer 610 $adistributed fiber optic sensor 610 $adistributed measurement 610 $adual-wavelength 610 $adynamic measurement 610 $adynamic optical fiber sensors 610 $aendotracheal tube misplacement 610 $aendotracheal tube placement 610 $aesophageal tissue 610 $afew-mode fiber 610 $afiber laser 610 $afiber lasers 610 $afiber optic acoustic sensing 610 $afiber optic sensors 610 $afilter 610 $agraphene 610 $aintubation 610 $alow-dimensional materials 610 $amachine learning 610 $ametallic band structure 610 $anitrate sensing 610 $aoptical fibre 610 $aoptical microfiber coupler 610 $aoptically/electrically controlled fiber lasers 610 $aPEDOT 610 $aphi-OTDR 610 $ared palm weevil 610 $asaturable absorber 610 $asemiconductor optical amplifier 610 $aspectral reflectance 610 $atissue detection 610 $atracheal tissue 610 $aultrafast fiber laser 610 $awavelength-swept laser 610 $aweak fiber Bragg gratings 615 7$aResearch and information: general 700 $aJeon$b Min Yong$4edt$01311292 702 $aJeon$b Min Yong$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910557792603321 996 $aFiber Optic Sensors and Fiber Lasers$93030206 997 $aUNINA