LEADER 05985nam 2200769 450 001 9910820712103321 005 20230803220537.0 010 $a3-527-64898-4 010 $a3-527-64896-8 010 $a3-527-64899-2 010 $a9783527410682 035 $a(CKB)2550000001166765 035 $a(EBL)1574375 035 $a(OCoLC)864745152 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001165135 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11691396 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001165135 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11198306 035 $a(PQKB)10355079 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1574375 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1574375 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10814732 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL548143 035 $a(OCoLC)869463121 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001166765 100 $a20131217d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aOptical devices in ophthalmology and optometry $etechnology, design principles and clinical applications /$fMichael Kaschke, Karl-Heinz Donnerhacke, and Michael Stefan Rill ; cover design, Simone Benjamin 210 1$aWeinheim, Germany :$cWiley-VCH,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (639 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 1 $a3-527-41068-6 311 1 $a1-306-16892-9 311 1 $a9783527648962 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Title page; Contents; Preface; Part One; 1 Structure and Function; 1.1 Anatomy of the Human Eye; 1.2 Retina: The Optical Sensor; 1.2.1 Retinal Structure; 1.2.2 Functional Areas; 1.3 Recommended Reading; References; 2 Optics of the Human Eye; 2.1 Optical Imaging; 2.1.1 Entrance and Exit Pupils; 2.1.2 Cardinal Points; 2.1.3 Eye Axes; 2.1.4 Accommodation; 2.1.5 Resolution; 2.1.6 Adaption; 2.1.7 Stiles-Crawford Effect; 2.1.8 Depth of Field; 2.1.9 Binocular Vision; 2.1.10 Spectral Properties; 2.2 Schematic Eye Models; 2.2.1 Paraxial Model: The Gullstrand Eye; 2.2.2 Finite Wide-Angle Models 327 $a2.2.3 Applications of Eye Models2.3 Color Vision; 2.4 Recommended Reading; References; 3 Visual Disorders and Major Eye Diseases; 3.1 Refractive Errors; 3.1.1 Axial-Symmetric Ametropia: Myopia and Hyperopia; 3.1.2 Astigmatism; 3.1.3 Notations of Spherocylindric Refraction in Astigmatic Eyes; 3.1.4 Anisometropia; 3.1.5 Distribution of Refractive Errors; 3.1.6 Refractive Errors Caused by Diseases; 3.2 Cataract; 3.3 Glaucoma; 3.4 Age-Related Macular Degeneration; 3.4.1 ARM; 3.4.2 Dry AMD; 3.4.3 Wet AMD; 3.5 Diabetic Retinopathy; 3.6 Retinal Vein Occlusions; 3.7 Infective Eye Diseases 327 $a3.7.1 Trachoma3.7.2 Onchocerciasis; 3.8 Major Causes for Visual Impairment; 3.9 Major Causes of Blindness; 3.10 Socio-Economic Impact of Eye Diseases; 3.11 Recommended Reading; Problems to Chapters 1-3; References; Part Two; 4 Introduction to Ophthalmic Diagnosis and Imaging; 4.1 Determination of the Eye's Refractive Status; 4.2 Visualization, Imaging, and Structural Analysis; 4.3 Determination of the Eye's Functional Status; 4.3.1 Global Functional Status; 4.3.2 Local Functional Status; 4.4 Light Hazard Protection; References; 5 Determination of the Refractive Status of the Eye 327 $a5.1 Retinoscopy 5.1.1 Illumination Beam Path; 5.1.2 Observation Beam Path; 5.1.3 Measurement Procedure; 5.1.4 Accuracy in Retinoscopy; 5.1.5 Applications; 5.2 Automated Objective Refractometers (Autorefractors); 5.2.1 Common Characteristics of Autorefractors; 5.2.2 Measuring Methods; 5.2.3 Measurement Accuracy and Limitations of Automatic Refractometers; 5.3 Aberrometers; 5.3.1 Fundamentals of Aberrometry; 5.3.2 General Measurement Principles for Aberrometers; 5.3.3 General Remarks on Aberrometry; 5.3.4 Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Aberrometer (Outgoing Light Aberrometer) 327 $a5.3.5 Ingoing Light Aberrometers 5.3.6 Commercial Aberrometers; 5.4 Wavefront Reconstruction and Wavefront Analysis; 5.4.1 From Wavefront to Refraction (Wavefront Analysis); 5.4.2 Applications of Wavefront Analysis; 5.5 Excursus: Refractive Correction with Eye Glasses and Contact Lenses; 5.6 Recommended Reading; 5.7 Problems; References; 6 Optical Visualization, Imaging, and Structural Analysis; 6.1 Medical Magnifying Systems; 6.1.1 Optics of a Single Loupe; 6.1.2 Medical Loupes; 6.2 Surgical Microscopes; 6.2.1 Requirements for Surgical Microscopes; 6.2.2 Functional Principle 327 $a6.2.3 Modular Structure of Surgical Microscopes 330 $aMedical technology is a fast growing field. This new title gives a comprehensive review of modern optical technologies alongside their clinical deployment. It bridges the technology and clinical domains and will be suitable in both technical and clinical environments. It introduces and develops basic physical methods (in optics, photonics, and metrology) and their applications in the design of optical systems for use in medical technology with a special focus on ophthalmology. Medical applications described in detail demonstrate the advantage of utilizing optical-photonic methods. 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All of these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions. In this regard, dedicated and refined methods are required for their design, analysis, and maintenance under the expected lifetime. There are major challenges related to the structural typology and material properties with respect to the key features of the imposed design load. Further issues can be derived from the need for risk mitigation or retrofit of existing structures as well as from the optimal and safe design of innovative materials/systems. Finally, in some cases, no appropriate design recommendations are available and, thus, experimental investigations can have a key role within the overall process. 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