LEADER 05277nam 2201153z- 450 001 9910557354503321 005 20220111 035 $a(CKB)5400000000042345 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76819 035 $a(oapen)doab76819 035 $a(EXLCZ)995400000000042345 100 $a20202201d2021 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAdvances in DNA Vaccines 210 $aBasel, Switzerland$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2021 215 $a1 online resource (210 p.) 311 08$a3-0365-0300-5 311 08$a3-0365-0301-3 330 $aDNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. According to some, the delivery route determines immunogenic performance; according to others, it can modulate the level of response, but not its specificity or polarity. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans. New DNA vaccines for use in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity are forthcoming. This Special Issue covers various aspects of DNA vaccine development. 606 $aEpidemiology and Medical statistics$2bicssc 606 $aMedicine and Nursing$2bicssc 610 $aadjuvant 610 $aadjuvants 610 $aAIDS 610 $aalphaviruses 610 $aantibodies 610 $aartificial T-cell antigens 610 $aBCG 610 $abicistronic 610 $acircovirus 610 $aclinical trial 610 $acomputer design 610 $acytolytic 610 $aCytolytic T Lymphocytes 610 $aDNA 610 $aDNA immunization 610 $aDNA vaccine 610 $aDNA vaccine constructs 610 $aDNA vaccines 610 $aEBNA1 610 $aebola virus disease 610 $aenhancer element 610 $aEpstein-Barr virus 610 $aflagellin 610 $aformulations 610 $agene expression 610 $aHCV 610 $aHCV vaccine 610 $ahepatitis C virus (HCV) 610 $aHIV 610 $aHIV-1 610 $aHTI 610 $aIL-36 610 $aimmune response 610 $aimmune responses 610 $aimmunization 610 $aimmunogenicity 610 $ain vitro transcribed mRNA 610 $ainfluenza 610 $ainnate immunity 610 $aintranasal 610 $alatent proteins 610 $alayered RNA/DNA vectors 610 $alipid 610 $aLMP1 610 $aLMP2 610 $amesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 610 $amodified MSC 610 $amRNA vaccine 610 $amyeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) 610 $an/a 610 $anonstructural HCV proteins 610 $aperforin 610 $aplasmid 610 $aplasmid DNA 610 $aprotection against tumor challenges and infectious agents 610 $arBCG 610 $arecombinant particles 610 $aRNA replicons 610 $aT-cell 610 $atherapeutic vaccine 610 $atumor regression 610 $avaccine 610 $avaccine delivery 610 $aZika 615 7$aEpidemiology and Medical statistics 615 7$aMedicine and Nursing 700 $aIsaguliants$b Maria$4edt$01323407 702 $aLjungberg$b Karl$4edt 702 $aIsaguliants$b Maria$4oth 702 $aLjungberg$b Karl$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910557354503321 996 $aAdvances in DNA Vaccines$93035514 997 $aUNINA