LEADER 05212nam 2201129z- 450 001 9910557354503321 005 20231214133355.0 035 $a(CKB)5400000000042345 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76819 035 $a(EXLCZ)995400000000042345 100 $a20202201d2021 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAdvances in DNA Vaccines 210 $aBasel, Switzerland$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2021 215 $a1 electronic resource (210 p.) 311 $a3-0365-0300-5 311 $a3-0365-0301-3 330 $aDNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. According to some, the delivery route determines immunogenic performance; according to others, it can modulate the level of response, but not its specificity or polarity. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans. New DNA vaccines for use in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity are forthcoming. This Special Issue covers various aspects of DNA vaccine development. 606 $aMedicine$2bicssc 606 $aEpidemiology & medical statistics$2bicssc 610 $aalphaviruses 610 $alayered RNA/DNA vectors 610 $aDNA vaccines 610 $aRNA replicons 610 $arecombinant particles 610 $atumor regression 610 $aprotection against tumor challenges and infectious agents 610 $aebola virus disease 610 $aartificial T-cell antigens 610 $aDNA vaccine constructs 610 $acomputer design 610 $agene expression 610 $aimmunogenicity 610 $aDNA vaccine 610 $amRNA vaccine 610 $aplasmid DNA 610 $ain vitro transcribed mRNA 610 $aimmune responses 610 $aformulations 610 $aCytolytic T Lymphocytes 610 $aantibodies 610 $ainnate immunity 610 $aadjuvants 610 $avaccine delivery 610 $aplasmid 610 $acytolytic 610 $aperforin 610 $abicistronic 610 $aHCV 610 $aHIV 610 $aIL-36 610 $aadjuvant 610 $aDNA 610 $aZika 610 $aEpstein-Barr virus 610 $alatent proteins 610 $aLMP2 610 $aEBNA1 610 $aLMP1 610 $aHIV-1 610 $aenhancer element 610 $acircovirus 610 $ainfluenza 610 $aimmunization 610 $aintranasal 610 $alipid 610 $aflagellin 610 $aBCG 610 $avaccine 610 $arBCG 610 $aHTI 610 $aT-cell 610 $aAIDS 610 $aclinical trial 610 $atherapeutic vaccine 610 $ahepatitis C virus (HCV) 610 $amesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 610 $amodified MSC 610 $aDNA immunization 610 $anonstructural HCV proteins 610 $aimmune response 610 $aHCV vaccine 610 $amyeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) 615 7$aMedicine 615 7$aEpidemiology & medical statistics 700 $aIsaguliants$b Maria$4edt$01323407 702 $aLjungberg$b Karl$4edt 702 $aIsaguliants$b Maria$4oth 702 $aLjungberg$b Karl$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910557354503321 996 $aAdvances in DNA Vaccines$93035514 997 $aUNINA