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$acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDistillation $ePrinciples and Practice 205 $a2nd ed. 210 1$aNewark :$cAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers,$d2021. 210 4$dİ2021. 215 $a1 online resource (685 pages) 311 $a1-119-41466-0 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Nomenclature -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Principle of Distillation Separation -- 1.2 Historical -- 2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium -- 2.1 Basic Thermodynamic Correlations -- 2.1.1 Measures of Concentration -- 2.1.2 Equations of State (EOS) -- 2.1.3 Molar Mixing and Partial Molar State Variables -- 2.1.4 Saturation Vapor Pressure and Boiling Temperature of Pure Components -- 2.1.5 Fundamental Equation and the Chemical Potential -- 2.1.6 Gibbs-Duhem Equation and Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation -- 2.2 Calculation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Mixtures -- 2.2.1 Basic Equilibrium Conditions -- 2.2.2 Gibbs Phase Rule -- 2.2.3 Correlations for the Chemical Potential -- 2.2.4 Calculating Activity Coefficients with the Molar Excess Free Energy -- 2.2.5 Thermodynamic Consistency Check of Molar Excess Free Energy and Activity Coefficients -- 2.2.6 Iso-fugacity Condition -- 2.2.7 Fugacity of the Liquid Phase -- 2.2.8 Fugacity of the Vapor Phase -- 2.2.9 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Using an Equation of St -- 2.2.10 Fugacity of Pure Liquid as Standard Fugacity: Raoult's Law -- 2.2.11 Fugacity of Infinitely Diluted Component as Standard Fugacity: Henry's Law -- 2.2.12 Correlations Describing the Molar Excess Free Energy and Activity Coefficients -- 2.2.13 Using Experimental Data of Binary Mixtures for Correlations Describing the Molar Excess Free Energy and Activity Coefficients -- 2.2.14 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Ratio of Mixtures -- 2.2.15 Relative Volatility of Mixtures -- 2.2.16 Boiling Condition of Liquid Mixtures -- 2.2.17 Condensation (Dew Point) Condition of Vapor Mixtures -- 2.3 Binary Mixtures and Phase Diagrams -- 2.3.1 Boiling Curve Correlation -- 2.3.2 Condensation (Dew Point) Curve Correlation -- 2.3.3 (p, x, y)-Diagram -- 2.3.4 (T, x, y)-Diagram -- 2.3.5 McCabe-Thiele Diagram. 327 $a2.3.6 Boiling and Condensation Behavior of Binary Mixtures -- 2.3.7 General Aspects of Azeotropic Mixtures -- 2.3.8 Limiting Cases of Binary Mi -- 2.4 Ternary Mixtures -- 2.4.1 Boiling and Condensation Conditions of Ternary Mixtures -- 2.4.2 Triangular Diagrams -- 2.4.3 Boiling Surfaces -- 2.4.4 Condensation Surfaces -- 2.4.5 Derivation of Distillation Lines -- 2.4.6 Examples for Distillation Lines -- 3 Single-Stage Distillation and Condensation -- 3.1 Continuous Closed Distillation and Condensation -- 3.1.1 Closed Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 3.1.2 Closed Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures -- 3.2 Batchwise Open Distillation and Open Condensation -- 3.2.1 Binary Mixtures -- 3.2.2 Ternary Mixtures -- 3.2.3 Multicomponent Mixtures -- 3.3 Semi-continuous Single-Stage Distillation -- 3.3.1 Semi-continuous Single-Stage Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 4 Multistage Continuous Distillation (Rectification) -- 4.1 Principles -- 4.1.1 Equilibrium-Stage Concept -- 4.1.2 Transfer-Unit Concept -- 4.1.3 Comparison of Equilibrium-Stage and Transfer-Unit Concepts -- 4.2 Multistage Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 4.2.1 Calculations Based on Material Bal -- 4.2.2 Calculation Based on Material and Enthalpy Balances -- 4.2.3 Distillation of Binary Mixtures at Total Reflux and Reboil -- 4.2.4 Distillation of Binary Mixtures at Minimum Reflux and Reboil -- 4.2.5 Energy Requirement for Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 4.3 Multistage Distillation of Ternary Mixtures -- 4.3.1 Calculations Based on Material Balances -- 4.3.2 Distillation of Ternary Mixtures at Total Reflux and Reboil -- 4.3.3 Distillation of Ternary Mixtures at Minimum Reflux and Reboil -- 4.3.4 Energy Requirement of Ternary Distillation -- 4.4 Multistage Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures -- 4.4.1 Rigorous Column Simulation -- 5 Reactive Distillation, Catalytic Distillation. 327 $a5.1 Fundamentals -- 5.1.1 Chemical Equilibrium -- 5.1.2 Stoichiometric Lines -- 5.1.3 Non-reactive and Reactive Distillation Lines -- 5.1.4 Reactive Azeotropes -- 5.2 Topology of Reactive Distillation Lines -- 5.2.1 Reactions in Ternary Systems -- 5.2.2 Reactions in Ternary Systems with Inert Components -- 5.2.3 Reactions with Side Products -- 5.2.4 Reactions in Quaternary Systems -- 5.3 Topology of Reactive Distillation Processes -- 5.3.1 Single Product Reactions -- 5.3.2 Decomposition Reactions -- 5.3.3 Side Reactions -- 5.4 Arrangement of Catalysts in Columns -- 5.4.1 Homogeneous Catalyst -- 5.4.2 Heterogeneous Catalyst -- 6 Multistage Batch Distillation -- 6.1 Batch Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 6.1.1 Operation with Constant Reflux -- 6.1.2 Operation with Constant Distillate Composition -- 6.1.3 Operation with Minimum Energy Input -- 6.1.4 Comparison of Energy Requirement for Different Modes of Distillation -- 6.2 Batch Distillation of Ternary Mixtures -- 6.2.1 Zeotropic Mixtures -- 6.2.2 Azeotropic Mixtures -- 6.3 Batch Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures -- 6.4 Influence of Column Liquid Hold-up on Batch Distillation -- 6.5 Processes for Separating Zeotropic Mixtures by Batch Distillation -- 6.5.1 Total Slop Cut Recycling -- 6.5.2 Binary Distillation of the Accumulated Slop Cuts -- 6.5.3 Recycling of the Slop Cuts at the Appropriate Time -- 6.5.4 Cyclic Operation -- 6.6 Processes for Separating Azeotropic Mixtures by Batch Distillation -- 6.6.1 Processes in One Distillation Field -- 6.6.2 Processes in Two Distillation Fields -- 6.6.3 Process Simplifications -- 6.6.4 Hybrid Processes -- 7 Energy Economization in Distillation -- 7.1 Energy Requirement of Single Columns -- 7.1.1 Reduction of Energy Requirement -- 7.1.2 Reduction of Exergy Losses -- 7.2 Optimal Separation Sequences of Ternary Distillation. 327 $a7.2.1 Process and Energy Requirement of the a-Path -- 7.2.2 Process and Energy Requirement of the c-Path -- 7.2.3 Process and Energy Requirement of the Preferred a=c-Path -- 7.3 Modifications of the Basic Processes -- 7.3.1 Material (Direct) Coupling of Columns -- 7.3.2 Processes with Side Columns -- 7.3.3 Thermal (Indirect) Coupling of Columns -- 7.4 Design of Heat Exchanger Networks -- 7.4.1 Optimum Heat Exchanger Networks -- 7.4.2 Modifying the Optimum Heat Exchanger Network -- 7.4.3 Dual Flow Heat Exchanger Networks -- 7.4.4 Process Modifications -- 8 Industrial Distillation Processes -- 8.1 Constraints for Industrial Distillation Processes -- 8.1.1 Feasible Temperatures -- 8.1.2 Feasible Pressures -- 8.1.3 Feasible Dimensions of Columns -- 8.2 Fractionation of Binary Mixtures -- 8.2.1 Recycling of Diluted Sulfuric Acid -- 8.2.2 Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater -- 8.2.3 Hydrogen Chloride Recovery from Inert Gases -- 8.2.4 Linde Process for Air Separation -- 8.2.5 Process Water Purification -- 8.2.6 Steam Distillation -- 8.3 Fractionation of Multicomponent Zeotropic Mixtures -- 8.3.1 Separation Paths -- 8.3.2 Processes with Side Columns -- 8.4 Fractionation of Heterogeneous Azeotropic Mixtures -- 8.5 Fractionation of Azeotropic Mixtures by Pressure Swing Processes -- 8.6 Fractionation of Azeotropic Mixtures by Addition of an Entrainer -- 8.6.1 Processes for Systems Without Distillation Boundary -- 8.6.2 Processes for Systems with Distillation Boundary -- 8.6.3 Hybrid Processes -- 8.7 Industrial Processes of Reactive Distillation -- 8.7.1 Synthesis of MTBE -- 8.7.2 Synthesis of Mono-ethylene Glycol -- 8.7.3 Synthesis of TAME -- 8.7.4 Synthesis of Methyl Acetate -- 9 Design of Mass Transfer Equipment -- 9.1 Types of Design -- 9.1.1 Tray Columns -- 9.1.2 Packed Columns -- 9.1.3 Criteria for Use of Tray or Packed Columns -- 9.2 Design of Tray Columns. 327 $a9.2.1 Design Parameters of Tray Columns -- 9.2.2 Operating Region of Tray Columns -- 9.2.3 Two-Phase Flow on Trays -- 9.2.4 Mass Transfer in the Two-Phase Layer on Column Trays -- 9.3 Design of Packed Columns -- 9.3.1 Design Parameters of Packed Columns -- 9.3.2 Operating Region of Packed Columns -- 9.3.3 Two-Phase Flow in Packed Columns -- 9.3.4 Mass Transfer in Packed Columns -- 9.A Appendix: Pressure Drop in Packed Beds -- 10 Control of Distillation Processes -- 10.1 Control Loops -- 10.1.1 Single Control Loop -- 10.1.2 Ratio Control Loop -- 10.1.3 Disturbance Feedforward Control Loop -- 10.1.4 Cascade Control Loop -- 10.2 Single Control Tasks for Distillation Columns -- 10.2.1 Liquid Level Control -- 10.2.2 Split Stream Control -- 10.2.3 Pressure Control -- 10.2.4 Product Concentration Control -- 10.3 Basic Control Configurations of Distillation Columns -- 10.3.1 Basic Control Systems Without Composition Control -- 10.3.2 One-Point Composition Control Configurations -- 10.3.3 Two-Point Composition Control Configurations -- 10.4 Application Ranges of the Basic Control Configurations -- 10.4.1 Impact of Split Parameters According to Split Rule 2 -- 10.4.2 Sharp Separations of Ideal Mixtures with Constant Relative Volatility at Minimum Reflux and Boilup Ratio -- 10.4.3 Extended Application Ranges of the Basic Control Configurations -- 10.5 Examples for Control Configurations of Distillation Processes -- 10.5.1 Azeotropic Distillation Process by Pressure Change -- 10.5.2 Distillation Process for Air Separation -- 10.5.3 Distillation Process with a Main and a Side Colum -- 10.5.4 Azeotropic Distillation Process by Using an Entrainer -- 10.6 Control Configurations for Batch Distillation Processes -- Index -- EULA. 517 $aDistillation 608 $aElectronic books. 676 $a660/.28425 700 $aStichlmair$b Johann G$01217739 701 $aKlein$b Harald$01217740 701 $aRehfeldt$b Sebastian$01217741 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910555001503321 996 $aDistillation$92816039 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05051oam 2200733zu 450 001 9911018810103321 005 20251116145945.0 010 $a9786610555512 010 $a0-470-84666-6 010 $a1-280-55551-3 035 $a(CKB)111056485557296 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000119155 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11140933 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000119155 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10056819 035 $a(PQKB)10103156 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4956314 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4956314 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL55551 035 $a(OCoLC)80970395 035 $a(OCoLC)1027155361 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111056485557296 100 $a20160829d2001 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 04$aThe cell cycle and development: Novartis Foundation symposium 237, volume 237 205 $a1st ed. 210 31$a[Place of publication not identified]$cWiley$d2001 215 $a1 online resource (268 pages) 225 1 $aNovartis Foundation Symposia ;$vv.293 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-471-49662-6 311 08$a0-470-85184-8 327 $aMachine generated contents note: Paul Nurse Introduction 1 -- Bruce A. Edgar, Jessica Britton, Aida Flor A. de la Cruz, Laura A. Johnston, -- Dara Lehman, Cristina Martin-Castellanos and David Prober -- Pattern- and growth-linked cell cycles in Drosophila development 3 -- Discussion 12 Wolf Reik, Karen Davies,Wendy Dean, Gavin Kelsey and Miguel Constancia -- Imprinted genes and the coordination of fetal and postnatal growth in -- mammals 19 Discussion 31 General discussion I 36 Christian F. Lehner, Henning W. Jacobs, K. Sauer and Claas A. Meyer -- Regulation of the embryonic cell proliferation by Drosophila cyclin D and cyclin E -- complexes 43 Discussion 54 James L. Maller, Stefan D. Gross, Markus S. Schwab, CarlaV. Finkielstein, -- Frederic E. Taieb and Yue-Wei Qian Cell cycle transitions in early Xenopus -- development 58 Discussion 73 Jacek Z. Kubiak and Maria A. Ciemerych Cell cycle regulation in early mouse -- embryos 79 Discussion 89 General discussion II Regulation of Drosophila imaginal disc growth by the -- insulin/IGF signalling pathway 93 -- Martin Raff, Jim Apperly,Toru Kondo,YasuhitoTokumoto and -- Dean Tang Timing cell-cycle exit and differentiation in oligodendrocyte -- development 100 Discussion 107 Kim Nasmyth, Jan-Michael Peters and Frank Uhlmann Splitting the -- chromosome: cutting the ties that bind sister chromatids 113 Discussion 133 William Chia,Yu Cai, Xavier Morin, Murni Tio, Gerald Udolph, Fengwei Yu -- and Xiaohang Yang The cell cycle machinery and asymmetric cell division of -- neural progenitors in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system 139 Discussion 151 General discussion III Determining organ size 158 -- Pierre Gdnczy, Stephan Grill, Ernst H. K. Stelzer, Matthew Kirkham and -- Anthony A. Hyman Spindle positioning during the asymmetric first cell -- division of Caenorhabditiselegans embryos 164 Discussion 176 PeterJ. Bryant Growth factors controlling imaginal disc growth in Drosophila 182 Discussion 194 General discussion IV Spatial organization and the cell cycle 200 -- Victor Ambros The temporal control of cell cycle and cell fate in Caenorhabditis -- elegans 203 Discussion 214 Jessica Greenwood,Vincenzo Costanzo, Kirsten Robertson, Carmel Hensey and -- Jean Gautier Responses to DNA damage in Xenopus: cell death or cell cycle -- arrest 221 Discussion 230 Martin Hobe, Ulrike Brand, Richard Waites and Rildiger Simon Control of cell -- fate in plant meristems 235 Discussion 243 Final discussion 248 -- Index of contributors 252 -- Subject index 254. 330 $aThis book brings together scientists working at the interface between the cell cycle, cell growth and development in a variety of model systems and research paradigms. The focus is on understanding how such diverse developmental inputs can modulate cell cycle regulation and, reciprocally, how a common way of regulating cell cycle progression can participate in different developmental strategies. 410 0$aNovartis Foundation Symposia 606 $aCell Cycle 606 $aCell Differentiation 606 $aCell Division 606 $aDevelopmental Biology 606 $aBiology$2HILCC 606 $aHealth & Biological Sciences$2HILCC 606 $aCytology$2HILCC 608 $aConference Proceedings. 615 12$aCell Cycle. 615 22$aCell Differentiation. 615 22$aCell Division. 615 22$aDevelopmental Biology. 615 7$aBiology 615 7$aHealth & Biological Sciences 615 7$aCytology 676 $a571.84 702 $aCardew$b Gail 702 $aGoode$b Jamie 702 $aBock$b Gregory 712 02$aNovartis Foundation. 801 0$bPQKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911018810103321 996 $aThe cell cycle and development: Novartis Foundation symposium 237, volume 237$94422729 997 $aUNINA