LEADER 03882oam 22006254a 450 001 9910524703603321 005 20231115162534.0 035 $a(CKB)4100000010461091 035 $a(OCoLC)1131891888 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse82068 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/88944 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000010461091 100 $a20100407h20191996 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|||||||nn|n 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAmerican Iron, 1607-1900$fRobert B. Gordon 210 $cJohns Hopkins University Press 215 $a1 online resource (1 online resource (xi, 341 pages) :)$cillustrations, maps 225 0 $aJohns Hopkins studies in the history of technology ;$v[new ser., no. 19] 300 $aOpen access edition supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. 300 $aThe text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No derivatives 4.0 International License 311 $a1-4214-3500-4 311 $a1-4214-3502-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 318-330) and index. 327 $a1. Iron -- 2. Ore, Fuel, and Other Natural Resources -- 3. The Rise of American Iron, 1720-1860 -- 4. Smelting with Charcoal -- 5. Converting Pig Iron to Wrought Iron -- 6. Coal-Fired Blast Furnaces -- 7. Steel -- 8. Shaping Iron and Steel -- 9. Iron Quality -- 10. Ironmaking Eclipsed, 1860-1900 -- 11. The Industrial Archaeology of Iron -- Appendix A Metallography -- Appendix B Iron Production Data. 330 8 $aIn American Iron, 1670-1900, Robert B. Gordon draws on recent archaeological findings as well as archival research to present an ambitious, comprehensive survey of iron technology in America from the colonial period to the industry's demise at about the turn of the twentieth century. Closely examining the techniques - the "hows"--Of ironmaking in its various forms, Gordon offers new interpretations of labor, innovation, and product quality in ironmaking, along with the industry's environmental consequences. He shows the high level of skills required to ensure efficient and safe operation of furnaces and to improve the quality of iron product. By mastering founding, fining, puddling, or bloom smelting, ironworkers gained a degree of control over their lives not easily attained by others. 330 $aBy applying their abundant natural resources to ironmaking early in the eighteenth century, Americans soon made themselves felt in world markets. After the Revolution, ironmakers supplied the materials necessary to the building of American industry, pushing the fuel efficiency and productivity of their furnaces far ahead of their European rivals. 410 0$aJohns Hopkins studies in the history of technology ;$vnew ser., no. 19. 606 $aIron-works$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00979359 606 $aIron$xMetallurgy$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00979114 606 $aIron$xMetallurgy$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aIron$xMetallurgy$xHistory$y18th century 606 $aIron-works$zNorth America$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aIron-works$zNorth America$xHistory$y18th century 607 $aNorth America$2fast 608 $aHistory. 610 0 $aUnited States 610 0 $aIron$aProduction 615 0$aIron-works. 615 0$aIron$xMetallurgy. 615 0$aIron$xMetallurgy$xHistory 615 0$aIron$xMetallurgy$xHistory 615 0$aIron-works$xHistory 615 0$aIron-works$xHistory 676 $a669/.141/097 700 $aGordon$b Robert B$g(Robert Boyd),$f1929-$01102009 801 0$bMdBmJHUP 801 1$bMdBmJHUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910524703603321 996 $aAmerican Iron, 1607-1900$92784165 997 $aUNINA