LEADER 06485nam 2200553 450 001 9910523906203321 005 20220906233123.0 010 $a9783030855109$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9783030855093 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6804036 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6804036 035 $a(CKB)19410537100041 035 $a(OCoLC)1286430704 035 $a(PPN)258844744 035 $a(EXLCZ)9919410537100041 100 $a20220816d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDiagnostic genetic testing $ecore concepts and the wider context for human DNA analysis /$fDavid Bourn 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (145 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Bourn, David Diagnostic Genetic Testing Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 9783030855093 327 $aIntro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Further Reading -- Laboratory Techniques -- Genetic Disorders -- General Overviews of Genomic Testing in Healthcare -- Patient Support Groups -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- 1 Genetic Testing, Some Themes and Some Basics -- Genetic Testing -- Complexity: Genes and Environment -- Risk and Uncertainty -- DNA and Categorisation -- Future Promises and Concerns -- Genetics in Other Areas of Medicine -- Basic Concepts in Genetics -- DNA Stores Information that Can Be Copied -- Genomic Architecture -- Gene Function and Organisation Within Genomes -- Transcription, Translation and the Genetic Code -- Mutation -- Patterns of Inheritance: Autosomal Dominant and Autosomal Recessive -- X-linked Inheritance -- Some Basics of Genetic Testing -- Isolation of DNA -- Finding Mutations -- Finding a Complementary Sequence -- The Polymerase Chain Reaction and DNA Amplification -- Electrophoresis -- DNA Sequencing -- 2 Autosomal Dominant Inheritance and Huntington Disease -- Huntington Disease -- A Very Specific Genetic Error -- A Gain of Function -- Why Expansions? -- Determinism, but with Complications -- Anticipation -- Genetic Testing for HD -- Test Sensitivity and Specificity -- The Value of Genetic Testing for HD -- Laboratory Errors -- Genetic Information and Families -- 3 Autosomal Recessive Inheritance and Cystic Fibrosis -- Contrasting Dominant and Recessive Conditions -- Cystic Fibrosis -- Many Different Genetic Errors: Some with Variable Effects -- Common Recessive Disorders -- Genetic Testing for CF -- The Value of Genetic Testing in CF -- Prenatal Diagnosis -- Therapies for CF and Genetic Testing -- Calculating Risks -- Scenario 1 -- Scenario 2 -- 4 X-linked Inheritance: A Question of Gender -- A Fundamental Imbalance -- Switching Off Genes on the Inactive X Chromosome. 327 $aInheritance of X-linked Genetic Disorders -- Three X-linked Genes Associated with Genetic Disorders -- X-linked Example 1: The DMD Gene and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy/Becker Muscular Dystrophy -- The Spectrum and Significance of Mutations in the DMD Gene -- Testing for DMD Gene Mutations -- X-linked Example 2: The FMR1 Gene, Fragile X Syndrome and Other Phenotypes -- Multiple Conditions Are Associated with FMR1 Gene Mutations -- Transmission of Fragile X Syndrome -- Testing for FMR1 Gene Mutations -- X-linked Example 3: The Androgen Receptor (AR) Gene, Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy and Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome -- SBMA: A Trinucleotide Expansion Disorder -- AIS: Loss of Function Mutations in the AR Gene -- Genetics and Gender -- 5 Genetic Testing in Cancer -- Cancer as a Genetic Disease -- Inherited Cancer Predisposition -- Tumor Suppressor Genes -- BRCA1 and BRCA2 as Tumor Suppressor Genes -- Oncogenes -- Cytogenetics and Cancer Testing -- Chromosome Analysis -- The Philadelphia Chromosome -- Rapid Detection of Specific Gene Fusions and Other Chromosomal Rearrangements in Cancers by FISH -- Genetic Testing in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment -- 6 DNA Testing, Genetics and Identity -- Identity Testing in the Diagnostic Genetic Laboratory -- Diagnostic Applications for Genetic Identity Testing -- Direct Testing of Identity -- Family Relationships -- Identity in Twins -- Avoiding Errors in Prenatal Diagnosis -- Monitoring Bone Marrow Transplants -- DNA as a Marker of Unique Personal Identity -- Widening Circles -- Identity as a Member of Humanity -- 7 Out of Sequence: Genome-Scale Testing -- Whole Genome Analyses -- Sanger Sequencing -- Diagnostic Sanger Sequencing Applications -- Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) -- Diagnostic Applications of New Sequencing Technologies -- Trio Analysis and New Mutations -- Genomic Analysis in Cancer. 327 $aNGS, Clonal Sequencing and Finding a Needle in a Haystack -- Finding New Disease Associations -- Comparative Genomics -- Third-Generation (Long-Read) Sequencing -- Limitations to the Utility of Genome-Scale Sequencing -- Confounding Factors: Complexity of Common Disease -- Confounding Factors: Lots of Variation, Many Rare Variants -- Confounding Factors: Complex Metabolic Networks -- Epigenetic Regulation: A Further Level of Complexity -- The Risk of False Positives -- Will WGS Improve Outcomes for Common Disorders? -- Genomic Testing in Mainstream Medicine: Because We Can Rather Than Because We Should? -- 8 DNA Testing: Pulling the Strands Together -- Diagnostic Genetics and Ethical Principles -- Consent in the Genomic Era -- Making Genetic Choices -- Compartmentalisation on Genetic Grounds -- Commercial Access to Genetic Testing -- Acknowledging Uncertainties and Avoiding Error -- The Value of Genetic Testing -- The Language of Genetics: Uses and Misuses -- Genetics and Society. 606 $aHuman genetics 606 $aMedicine 606 $aBioethics 606 $aGenetic Testing 606 $aBioethical Issues 606 $aMolecular Diagnostic Techniques 615 0$aHuman genetics. 615 0$aMedicine. 615 0$aBioethics. 615 2$aGenetic Testing. 615 2$aBioethical Issues. 615 2$aMolecular Diagnostic Techniques. 676 $a573.21 700 $aBourn$b David$01080907 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910523906203321 996 $aDiagnostic Genetic Testing$92594282 997 $aUNINA