LEADER 10823nam 2200505 450 001 9910629299203321 005 20230321095518.0 010 $a9783662644232$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9783662644225 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7134135 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7134135 035 $a(CKB)25299477600041 035 $a(OCoLC)1350690197 035 $a(PPN)266353584 035 $a(EXLCZ)9925299477600041 100 $a20230321d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe chemistry knowledge for firefighters /$fTorsten Schmiermund 210 1$aBerlin, Germany :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (710 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Schmiermund, Torsten The Chemistry Knowledge for Firefighters Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,c2023 9783662644225 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Foreword to the English edition -- Thank You -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction -- 1: The Natural Sciences -- 1.1 Differentiation of the Natural Sciences -- 1.2 Differentiation of Physical and Chemical Processes -- 1.3 What Are These ``Substances´´? -- 1.4 Models -- 2: Substances and Mixtures -- 2.1 Substance Separation -- 2.1.1 Separation of Heterogeneous Systems -- 2.1.2 Separation of Homogeneous Systems -- 2.2 Element and Connection -- Example 1 -- Example 2 -- 2.3 Substance Properties of Interest to the Fire Brigade -- Part II: Forms of States of Matter -- 3: Aggregate States -- 3.1 Heat Transport -- 3.1.1 What Is ``Heat´´? -- 3.1.2 What Is ``Temperature´´? -- 3.1.2.1 Temperature Scales -- 3.1.3 Heat Conduction -- Calculation of Linear Expansion -- Rule of Thumb -- 3.1.3.1 Thermal Conductivity -- 3.1.4 Heat Convection (Convection) -- 3.1.4.1 Volume Expansion -- Calculation of the Volume Expansion -- Rule of thumb -- 3.1.4.2 Apparent Volume Expansion -- 3.1.4.3 Volume Expansion in Completely Filled Containers -- 3.1.5 Thermal Radiation -- 3.1.6 Heat Transport and Fire Occurrence -- 3.2 Change of the State of Aggregation -- 3.2.1 Transitions Solid Liquid -- 3.2.1.1 Melting Point -- 3.2.1.2 Solidification Point -- 3.2.2 Transitions Liquid Gaseous -- 3.2.2.1 Boiling Point -- 3.2.2.2 Evaporation -- 3.2.3 Transitions Solid Gaseous -- 3.2.4 Vapour Pressure Condition -- 3.2.4.1 Water Steam Volatility -- 3.3 Important Safety-Related Values -- 3.3.1 Evaporation Number -- 3.3.2 Vapour Pressure -- 3.3.3 Flash Point, Inflammation Point, Ignition Temperature -- 3.3.3.1 Water-Miscible Flammable Liquids -- 3.3.4 Explosion Range -- 3.3.4.1 About the Measurement Technology -- 3.3.4.2 Calculated Estimation LEL/UEL -- Example -- 3.3.5 Vapour Density Ratio -- 3.3.6 Basic Tactical Rules. 327 $a3.4 Specific Heat Capacity and Latent Heats -- 3.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity -- 3.4.2 Heat of Fusion -- 3.4.3 Heat of Evaporation -- 3.4.4 Heat of Sublimation -- 3.4.5 Heat Quantity Calculations -- 3.4.5.1 Heat Mixtures without Changes of Aggregate State -- Calculation Example 1 -- Calculation Example 2 -- 3.4.5.2 Heat Mixtures with Changes of Aggregate State -- 3.4.6 Changes of Aggregate State and Extinguishing Agent Use -- 3.4.6.1 Water -- 3.4.6.2 Foam -- 3.4.6.3 Carbon Dioxide -- 3.4.6.4 Extinguishing Powder -- 3.4.7 Aggregate States in NBC Operations -- 4: Gases -- 4.1 Ideal Gas -- 4.2 Pressure and Temperature -- 4.3 Boyle-Mariotte Law -- 4.4 Law of Amontons -- 4.5 Law of Gay-Lussac -- 4.6 General Gas Equation -- 4.6.1 Absolute Zero -- 4.7 Avogadro Theorem -- 4.8 Universal Gas Equation -- Calculation Example ``Universal Gas Equation´´ -- 4.9 Standard Conditions -- 4.10 Partial Pressures -- 4.11 Diffusion -- 4.11.1 Diffusion Coefficient (Diffusion Constant) -- 4.11.2 Brownian Molecular Motion -- 4.12 Real Gases -- 4.12.1 Breathing Air - A Real Gas -- 4.12.2 Critical Pressure and Critical Temperature -- 4.12.2.1 BLEVE -- 4.12.3 Solubility of Gases -- 4.12.3.1 Solubility of Gases During Firefighting Operations -- Part III: Atomic Models and Periodic Table -- 5: Atoms and Atomic Shell -- 5.1 Development of the Atomic Theory -- 5.1.1 Dalton´s Atomic Model - Sphere Model -- 5.1.2 Thomson´s Atomic Model - Raisin Cake Model -- 5.2 Structure of the Atomic Shell -- 5.2.1 Rutherford Atomic Model -- 5.2.2 Bohr´s Atomic Model -- 5.2.3 Bohr-Sommerfeld Atomic Model -- 5.2.4 Orbital Model -- 5.2.5 The Electron -- 5.3 Structure of the Atomic Nucleus -- 5.3.1 Rutherford´s Scattering Test -- 5.3.2 The Proton -- 5.3.3 The Neutron -- 5.4 Particles in the Atom -- 5.5 Atomic Mass Units -- 5.5.1 Absolute Atomic Mass (mA) and Absolute Molecular Mass (mM). 327 $a5.5.2 Relative Atomic Mass (Ar), Relative Molecular Mass (Mr), and ``u´´ -- Example -- 5.5.3 Amount of Substance n -- 5.5.4 The Molar Volume (Vm) -- 5.5.5 Loschmidt Number -- 6: The Periodic Table -- 6.1 Early Trials -- 6.2 Periodic Table According to Mendeleev & -- Meyer -- 6.3 Structure of the Periodic Table -- 6.3.1 Display Mode -- 6.3.2 Casting Order -- 6.4 Representation of the Electron Configuration -- 6.4.1 Hund´s Rule -- 6.4.2 Orbital Diagram -- 6.4.3 Term Notation -- 6.5 Periodic Properties -- 6.5.1 Atomic Radius -- 6.5.2 Ionization Energy -- 6.5.3 Electron Affinity -- 6.5.4 Electronegativity -- Summary: Periodic Properties of the Elements -- 6.6 Main Groups of the Periodic Table -- 6.6.1 First Main Group - Alkali Metals -- 6.6.2 Second Main Group -Alkaline Earth Metals -- 6.6.3 Third Main Group - Boron Group -- 6.6.4 Fourth Main Group - Carbon Group -- 6.6.5 Fifth Main Group - Nitrogen Group -- 6.6.6 Sixth Main Group - Chalcogens -- 6.6.7 Seventh Main Group - Halogens -- 6.6.8 Eighth Main Group -Noble Gases -- 6.7 Subgroup Elements/d-Elements -- 6.8 Rare Earths/f-Elements -- 6.9 Oblique Relationship -- 6.10 Metals in the PTE -- Part IV: Molecules, Ions, Bonds -- 7: Introduction -- 7.1 Molecule Presentation -- 7.2 Notation -- 7.2.1 Element Symbols -- 7.2.2 Comparison of Molecular Notations -- 7.3 The Valence Stroke Formula -- 7.3.1 Noble Gas Rule -- Example -- 7.3.1.1 Exceptions to the Noble Gas Rule -- 7.3.1.2 Bonds of Heavy Elements (From Third Period) -- 7.3.1.3 Formal Charge -- 7.3.1.4 Mesomerism -- Example -- 7.3.2 Electronegativity (EN) -- 7.3.3 Oxidation Number -- 7.4 Other Formula Notations -- 7.4.1 Ratio Formula -- 7.4.2 Sum Formula -- 7.4.3 Constitutional Formula -- 7.4.4 Structural Formulas -- 7.4.5 Skeleton Formulas -- 8: Bonds -- 8.1 Strong Bonds -- 8.1.1 Metal Binding -- 8.1.2 Ion Binding -- 8.1.3 Electron Pair Bond. 327 $a8.1.4 Polarized Electron Pair Bond -- 8.1.5 Transitions Between the Bond Types -- 8.2 Weak Bondings -- 8.2.1 Dipole-Dipole Interaction -- 8.2.1.1 Effects of the Dipole-Dipole Interaction -- 8.2.2 Hydrogen Bond -- 8.2.3 Van der Waals Forces -- 8.2.3.1 Effects of the Van der Waals forces -- 8.3 Other Types of Bonds in Solids -- 8.3.1 Molecular Lattice -- 8.3.2 Atomic Lattice -- 8.3.2.1 Modification -- Part V: Solutions and Chemical Reactions -- 9: Chemical Reactions: Fundamentals -- 9.1 Basic Laws -- 9.1.1 Law of Conservation of Mass -- 9.1.2 Law of Equivalent Proportions -- 9.1.3 Law of Constant Proportions -- 9.1.4 Law of Multiple Proportions -- 9.1.5 Humboldt´s Gas Law -- 9.2 Reactions -- 9.2.1 Basic Reactions -- 9.2.2 Reaction Equations -- Examples -- 9.2.3 Rules for Setting Up Reaction Equations -- Example 1 -- Example 2 -- 9.2.4 Stoichiometry -- 9.2.5 Naming Connections -- 10: Solutions -- 10.1 Basic Information on the Dissolving Behaviour -- 10.1.1 Dissolving Process: Polar Substances in Polar Solvents -- 10.1.2 Dissolving Process: Non-polar Substances in Non-polar Solvents -- 10.1.3 Energy Consumption During the Dissolving Process -- 10.1.4 Unsaturated, Saturated and Supersaturated Solutions -- 10.1.5 Temperature Dependence of the Solubility -- 10.1.6 Crystal Water -- 10.1.7 Application-Related Dissolving Behaviour of Solids -- Example -- 10.1.8 Water Miscibility of Liquids -- 10.1.8.1 Mixture Gap for Liquids -- 10.1.8.2 Simple Detection Options -- 10.1.9 Rules for the Solubility of Salts in Water -- 10.2 Composition of Mixed Phases -- 10.2.1 Mass Fraction (w, w %) -- 10.2.1.1 Conversion Solubility (L*) Mass Fraction (w) -- 10.2.2 Volume Fraction (?,? %, vol.-%) -- 10.2.3 Mass Concentration (?) -- 10.2.4 Volume Concentration (?, ? %) -- 10.2.5 Mass Concentration (c) -- 10.2.6 Mass Ratio (r) -- 10.2.7 Molality (b). 327 $a10.2.8 Small Concentrations (, ppm, ppb, ppt) -- 10.2.8.1 Conversion Mass Concentration Volume Concentration -- Example -- 10.2.9 ppm Values in Firefighting Operations -- 10.3 Reactions in Solution -- 10.3.1 Exchange Reactions, General -- 10.3.2 Precipitation Formation -- 10.3.3 Formation of Gases -- 10.3.4 Formation of Weak Electrolytes -- 10.4 Chemical Reactions During the Dissolving Process -- 10.4.1 Reactions with Acids -- 10.4.2 ``Solutions´´ of Gases -- 10.4.3 Hydrolysis -- Example -- 11: Double Salts, Complexes and Dispersions -- 11.1 Double Salts -- 11.2 Complex Salts -- 11.2.1 Important Complexes/Complexing Agents -- 11.2.2 Complexions -- 11.2.3 Structure of Complexes -- 11.2.4 Denticity of the Ligands -- 11.2.5 Stability of Complexes -- 11.2.6 Colourfulness of Complexes -- 11.2.7 Nomenclature of Complex Compounds -- 11.2.7.1 Ligands -- 11.2.7.2 Cationic Complexes -- 11.2.7.3 Anionic Complexes -- 11.2.8 Water Hardness and Extinguishing Water Supply -- 11.3 Disperse Systems -- 11.3.1 Finely Dispersed Systems -- 11.3.2 Colloid Disperse Systems -- 11.3.3 Tyndall Effect -- Part VI: Acids and Alkalis -- 12: Acid-Base Theories -- 12.1 Definition According to Arrhenius -- 12.1.1 Acids -- Examples -- 12.1.2 Bases -- Example -- 12.1.3 Neutralization -- Example -- 12.1.4 Hydrolysis -- 12.1.5 Salts -- 12.1.6 Limitations of the Model and Outlook -- 12.2 Definition According to Brønsted and Lowry -- 12.2.1 Acids and Bases -- Example -- 12.2.2 Salts -- 12.2.3 Amphoteric Substances -- 12.2.4 Improvements Against Arrhenius -- 12.2.5 Limitations of the Model and Outlook -- 12.3 Definition According to Lewis -- 12.3.1 Lewis Acids -- 12.3.2 Lewis Bases -- 12.3.3 Acid-Base Reaction According to Lewis -- 12.3.4 Limits of the Concept According to Lewis -- 12.4 HSAB Concept -- 12.4.1 Overview HSAB Concept -- Example -- 12.4.2 Limitations of the HSAB Concept. 327 $a13: Acids and Alkalis. 606 $aChemistry 606 $aFire extinction 615 0$aChemistry. 615 0$aFire extinction. 676 $a540 700 $aSchmiermund$b Torsten$0945658 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910629299203321 996 $aThe Chemistry Knowledge for Firefighters$92968780 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02665 am 2200577 n 450 001 9910495987403321 005 20201020 010 $a2-271-12857-9 024 7 $a10.4000/books.editionscnrs.38779 035 $a(CKB)5590000000429636 035 $a(FrMaCLE)OB-editionscnrs-38779 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/84843 035 $a(PPN)267944519 035 $a(EXLCZ)995590000000429636 100 $a20201208j|||||||| ||| 0 101 0 $afre 135 $auu||||||m|||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aLieu de neige et de genévriers $eOrganisation sociale et religieuse des communautés bouddhistes du Ladakh /$fPascale Dollfus 210 $aParis $cCNRS Éditions$d2020 215 $a1 online resource (296 p.) 225 1 $aHors collection 311 $a2-271-06369-8 330 $a« Lieu de neige et de genévriers » : Pascale Dollfus a vécu plus de deux ans dans ce village ladakhi au nom poétique situé à 3900 mètres d?altitude. Dans ce livre, elle décrit les sites ainsi que les gestes, les pratiques journalières, et les rites de ces paysans sédentaires bouddhistes qui parlent un dialecte tibétain. Mais au-delà d?une description minutieuse et sensible du quotidien villa­geois, elle propose une réflexion nouvelle sur les liens de sang et de résidence dans cette partie du monde. À la lumière de l?histoire de cet ancien royaume indépendant et en le comparant avec le Grand Tibet et les communautés tibétophones du Népal, Pascale Dollfus montre le rôle de la notion de « maison » dans le système de parenté et dans la structure sociale, et dépeint la manière dont le bouddhisme « innerve » la société ladakhi. Ce « lieu de neige et de genévriers » n?est pas un lieu isolé. Aux confins de l?Inde et du Tibet, il participe à l?histoire des sociétés himalayennes. 517 $aLieu de neige et de genévriers 606 $aAnthropology 606 $aculture 606 $abouddhisme 606 $asociété 606 $aethnologie 606 $aTibet 610 $aculture 610 $abouddhisme 610 $asociété 610 $aethnologie 610 $aTibet 615 4$aAnthropology 615 4$aculture 615 4$abouddhisme 615 4$asociété 615 4$aethnologie 615 4$aTibet 700 $aDollfus$b Pascale$01311101 701 $aMacdonald$b A.W$01311102 801 0$bFR-FrMaCLE 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910495987403321 996 $aLieu de neige et de genévriers$93030015 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01260nas 2200433-a 450 001 9910395220603321 005 20250103110300.0 011 $a2458-9446 035 $a(CKB)110978979596299 035 $a(CONSER)--2004243717 035 $a(MiFhGG)4TKV 035 $a(DE-599)ZDB2581905-7 035 $a(MiFhGG)7MMZ 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110978979596299 100 $a19981016a19899999 --- - 101 0 $atur 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aA?r? $eA?r? (Algoloji) Derne?i'nin Yay?n organ?d?r = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology 210 $a[Istanbul?] $cNobel T?p Kitabevi$d©1989- 215 $a1 online resource 300 $aTitle from cover. 300 $aImprint varies. 300 $aSubtitle varies. 300 $aRefereed/Peer-reviewed 311 08$aPrint version: A?r? : (DLC) 2004243717 (OCoLC)56614872 1300-0012 517 1 $aAgr? dergisi 531 10$aAgri 606 $aPain 608 $aPeriodical. 608 $aPeriodicals.$2fast 615 12$aPain. 712 02$aAlgoloji Derneg?i. 906 $aJOURNAL 912 $a9910395220603321 920 $aexl_impl conversion 996 $aA?r?$92149135 997 $aUNINA