LEADER 01555nam 2200373Ia 450 001 996397381203316 005 20200824132230.0 035 $a(CKB)4940000000059562 035 $a(EEBO)2240862413 035 $a(OCoLC)ocm15612424e 035 $a(OCoLC)15612424 035 $a(EXLCZ)994940000000059562 100 $a19870430d1674 uy | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||a|bb| 200 10$aBy the King, a proclamation enjoyning the prosecution of all such persons as shall make or utter any farthings, half-pence, or pence of brass, or other base metals with private stamps$b[electronic resource] 210 $aLondon $cPrinted by the assigns of John Bill and Christopher Barker ...$d1674 215 $a1 broadside 300 $a"Given at our court at Whitehall the fifth day of December, 1674, in the six and twentieth year of our reign." 300 $aReproduction of original in the Harvard University Library. 330 $aeebo-0062 606 $aCounterfeits and counterfeiting$zEngland 607 $aGreat Britain$xHistory$yCharles II, 1660-1685 615 0$aCounterfeits and counterfeiting 701 $aCharles$cKing of England,$f1630-1685.$0793293 801 0$bEAE 801 1$bEAE 801 2$bm/c 801 2$bEAE 801 2$bWaOLN 906 $aBOOK 912 $a996397381203316 996 $aBy the King, a proclamation enjoyning the prosecution of all such persons as shall make or utter any farthings, half-pence, or pence of brass, or other base metals with private stamps$92396669 997 $aUNISA LEADER 01671nas 2200493-a 450 001 996211732503316 005 20230217213020.0 011 $a2331-463X 035 $a(DE-599)ZDB2119139-6 035 $a(OCoLC)51807892 035 $a(CKB)991042725095114 035 $a(CONSER)--2009250548 035 $a(EXLCZ)99991042725095114 100 $a20030306b19731978 --- a 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aCommunications society 210 $aNew York, N.Y. $cCommunications Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers$d1973-1978 311 $a0094-5579 517 1 $aIEEE Communications Society magazine 517 1 $aIEEE communications magazine 517 1 $aInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Communications Society magazine 606 $aAntennas (Electronics)$vPeriodicals 606 $aRadio wave propagation$vPeriodicals 606 $aTelecommunication$vPeriodicals 606 $aAntennas (Electronics)$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst00810043 606 $aRadio wave propagation$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01087609 606 $aTelecommunication$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01145830 608 $aPeriodicals.$2fast 615 0$aAntennas (Electronics) 615 0$aRadio wave propagation 615 0$aTelecommunication 615 7$aAntennas (Electronics) 615 7$aRadio wave propagation. 615 7$aTelecommunication. 676 $a621.38/05 712 02$aIEEE Communications Society. 906 $aJOURNAL 912 $a996211732503316 996 $aCommunications society$92425107 997 $aUNISA LEADER 03937 am 2200949 n 450 001 9910495920103321 005 20240104030702.0 010 $a2-8218-4578-2 024 7 $a10.4000/books.ifea.5931 035 $a(CKB)4340000000013389 035 $a(FrMaCLE)OB-ifea-5931 035 $a(PPN)189309555 035 $a(EXLCZ)994340000000013389 100 $a20150605j|||||||| ||| 0 101 0 $aspa 135 $auu||||||m|||| 200 00$aPoblación indígena, sublevación y minería en Carangas$eLa Caja Real de Carangas y el mineral de Huantajaya, 1750-1804$fMaría Concepción Gavira Márquez 210 $aLima$cInstitut français d?études andines$d2015 215 $a1 online resource (130 p.) 311 $a956-8649-01-8 330 $aEl análisis sobre la Población Indígena, Sublevación y Minería en Carangas. La Caja Real de Carangas y el mineral de Huantajaya, 1750-1804, de la historiadora María Concepción Gavira Márquez, muestra con detalles documentales impresionantes las distorsiones y conflictos de intereses políticos y económicos encapsulados en el largo proceso industrial involucrado desde la extracción de los minerales hasta su transformación en riqueza para la Corona española ávida de este recurso. Como señala la autora, el estudio se centra en el mineral de Carangas, escasamente tratado en la historiografía a pesar de que en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII la Caja Real de dicha localidad fue testigo de una serie de conflictos políticos y fiscales que incluyó las disputas por la jurisdicción económica del mineral de Huantajaya (Tarapacá). La autora analiza las relaciones que se desarrollaron entre estas dos regiones: las tierras altas del altiplano (Carangas) y los valles de la costa pacífica (Tarapacá). Se trata de una obra bien escrita, ágil, de interés no solo para historiadores y antropólogos, sino también cientistas sociales ligados al devenir actual de las relaciones internacionales de Bolivia, Perú y Chile. El libro atraerá también a todas aquellas personas interesadas en conocer las raíces coloniales de esta región. 606 $aHistory 606 $aEconomics (General) 606 $aBolivie 606 $aPérou 606 $aépoque coloniale 606 $afiscalité 606 $asituation sociale 606 $aadministration coloniale 606 $aXVIIe siècle 606 $aXVIIIe siècle 606 $aconflits 606 $amouvement social 606 $aindiens 606 $aargent 606 $amine 606 $aadministración colonial 606 $adinero 606 $aBolivia 606 $aconflicto 606 $aperíodo colonial 606 $aimpuesto 606 $aminería 606 $amovimiento social 606 $aPerú 606 $asituación social 606 $asiglo XVII 606 $asiglo XVIII 615 4$aHistory 615 4$aEconomics (General) 615 4$aBolivie 615 4$aPérou 615 4$aépoque coloniale 615 4$afiscalité 615 4$asituation sociale 615 4$aadministration coloniale 615 4$aXVIIe siècle 615 4$aXVIIIe siècle 615 4$aconflits 615 4$amouvement social 615 4$aindiens 615 4$aargent 615 4$amine 615 4$aadministración colonial 615 4$adinero 615 4$aBolivia 615 4$aconflicto 615 4$aperíodo colonial 615 4$aimpuesto 615 4$aminería 615 4$amovimiento social 615 4$aPerú 615 4$asituación social 615 4$asiglo XVII 615 4$asiglo XVIII 700 $aGavira Márquez$b María Concepción$01238667 701 $aSantoro$b Calogero M$01454865 801 0$bFR-FrMaCLE 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910495920103321 996 $aPoblación indígena, sublevación y minería en Carangas$93657026 997 $aUNINA LEADER 12679nam 2200565 c 450 001 9911007097003321 005 20260721193428.0 010 $a9781569907207 035 $a(CKB)4100000011922547 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6579056 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6579056 035 $a(OCoLC)1250090259 035 $a(NjHacI)994100000011922547 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011922547 100 $a20210901d20212021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aRubber Reinforcement with Particulate Fillers /$fMeng-Jiao Wang, Michael Morris 210 1$aMunich$cHanser$aChemical Industry Press Co., Ltd.$cChina$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (610 pages) 311 08$aPrint edition 9781569907191 311 08$a1523144963 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- About the Authors -- Contents -- 1 Manufacture of Fillers -- 1.1 Manufacture of Carbon Black -- 1.1.1 Mechanisms of Carbon Black Formation -- 1.1.2 Manufacturing Process of Carbon Black -- 1.1.2.1 Oil-Furnace Process -- 1.1.2.2 The Thermal Black Process -- 1.1.2.3 Acetylene Black Process -- 1.1.2.4 Lampblack Process -- 1.1.2.5 Impingement (Channel, Roller) Black Process -- 1.1.2.6 Recycle Blacks -- 1.1.2.7 Surface Modification of Carbon Blacks -- 1.1.2.7.1 Attachments of the Aromatic Ring Nucleus to Carbon Black -- 1.1.2.7.2 Attachments to the Aromatic Ring Structure through Oxidized Groups -- 1.1.2.7.3 Metal Oxide Treatment -- 1.2 Manufacture of Silica -- 1.2.1 Mechanisms of Precipitated Silica Formation -- 1.2.2 Manufacturing Process of Precipitated Silica -- 1.2.3 Mechanisms of Fumed Silica Formation -- 1.2.4 Manufacture Process of Fumed Silica -- References -- 2 Characterization of Fillers -- 2.1 Chemical Composition -- 2.1.1 Carbon Black -- 2.1.2 Silica -- 2.2 Micro-Structure of Fillers -- 2.2.1 Carbon Black -- 2.2.2 Silica -- 2.3 Filler Morphologies -- 2.3.1 Primary Particles - Surface Area -- 2.3.1.1 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) -- 2.3.1.2 Gas Phase Adsorptions -- 2.3.1.2.1 Total Surface Area Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption - BET/NSA -- 2.3.1.2.2 External Surface Area Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption ? STSA -- 2.3.1.2.3 Micro-Pore Size Distribution Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption -- 2.3.1.3 Liquid Phase Adsorptions -- 2.3.1.3.1 Iodine Adsorptions -- 2.3.1.3.2 Adsorption of Large Molecules -- 2.3.2 Structure - Aggregate Size and Shape -- 2.3.2.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 2.3.2.2 Disc Centrifuge Photosedimentometer -- 2.3.2.3 Void Volume Measurement -- 2.3.2.3.1 Oil Absorption -- 2.3.2.3.2 Compressed Volume -- 2.3.2.3.2.1 Relation between Compressibility and Pressure 327 $a2.3.2.3.2.2 Mechanism of Compression -- 2.3.2.3.3 Mercury Porosimetry -- 2.3.3 Tinting Strength -- 2.4 Filler Surface Characteristics -- 2.4.1 Characterization of Surface Chemistry of Filler-Surface Groups -- 2.4.2 Characterization of Physical Chemistry of Filler Surface-Surface Energy -- 2.4.2.1 Contact Angle -- 2.4.2.1.1 Single Liquid Phase -- 2.4.2.1.2 Dual Liquid Phases -- 2.4.2.2 Heat of Immersion -- 2.4.2.3 Inverse Gas Chromatograph -- 2.4.2.3.1 Principle of Measuring Filler Surface Energy with IGC -- 2.4.2.3.2 Adsorption at Infinite Dilution -- 2.4.2.3.3 Adsorption at Finite Concentration -- 2.4.2.3.4 Surface Energy of the Fillers -- 2.4.2.3.4.1 Dispersive Component of Filler Surface Energy -- 2.4.2.3.4.2 Specific Component of Filler Surface Energy -- 2.4.2.3.4.3 Sf Value -- 2.4.2.3.4.4 Energy Heterogeneity of Filler Surfaces -- 2.4.2.3.4.5 Surface Energy of Silane-Modified Silicas -- 2.4.2.3.5 Estimation of Rubber-Filler Interaction from Adsorption Energy of Elastomer Analogs -- 2.4.2.4 Bound Rubber Measurement -- References -- 3 Effect of Fillers in Rubber -- 3.1 Hydrodynamic Effect?Strain Amplification -- 3.2 Interfacial Interaction between Filler and Polymer -- 3.2.1 Bound Rubber -- 3.2.2 Rubber Shell -- 3.3 Occlusion of Rubber -- 3.4 Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.1 Observations of Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.2 Modes of Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.3 Thermodynamics of Filler Agglomeration -- 3.4.4 Kinetics of Filler Agglomeration -- References -- 4 Filler Dispersion -- 4.1 Basic Concept of Filler Dispersion -- 4.2 Parameters Influencing Filler Dispersion -- 4.3 Liquid Phase Mixing -- References -- 5 Effect of Fillers on the Properties of Uncured Compounds -- 5.1 Bound Rubber -- 5.1.1 Significance of Bound Rubber -- 5.1.2 Measurement of Bound Rubber -- 5.1.3 Nature of Bound Rubber Attachment -- 5.1.4 Polymer Mobility in Bound Rubber 327 $a5.1.5 Polymer Effects on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.5.1 Molecular Weight Effects -- 5.1.5.2 Polymer Chemistry Effects -- 5.1.6 Effect of Filler on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.6.1 Surface Area and Structure -- 5.1.6.2 Specific Surface Activity of Carbon Blacks -- 5.1.6.3 Effect of Surface Characteristics on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.6.4 Carbon Black Surface Modification -- 5.1.6.5 Silica Surface Modification -- 5.1.7 Effect of Mixing Conditions on Bound Rubber -- 5.1.7.1 Temperature and Time of Mixing -- 5.1.7.2 Mixing Sequence Effect of Rubber Ingredients -- 5.1.7.2.1 Mixing Sequence of Oil and Other Additives -- 5.1.7.2.2 Mixing Sequence of Sulfur, Sulfur Donor, and Other Crosslinkers -- 5.1.7.2.3 Bound Rubber of Silica Compounds -- 5.1.7.3 Bound Rubber in Wet Masterbatches -- 5.1.7.4 Bound Rubber of Fumed Silica-Filled Silicone Rubber -- 5.2 Viscosity of Filled Compounds -- 5.2.1 Factors Influencing Viscosity of the Carbon Black-Filled Compounds -- 5.2.2 Master Curve of Viscosity vs. Effective Volume of Carbon Blacks -- 5.2.3 Viscosity of Silica Compounds -- 5.2.4 Viscosity Growth - Storage Hardening -- 5.3 Die Swell and Surface Appearance of the Extrudate -- 5.3.1 Die Swell of Carbon Black Compounds -- 5.3.2 Die Swell of Silica Compounds -- 5.3.3 Extrudate Appearance -- 5.4 Green Strength -- 5.4.1 Effect of Polymers -- 5.4.2 Effect of Filler Properties -- References -- 6 Effect of Fillers on the Properties of Vulcanizates -- 6.1 Swelling -- 6.2 Stress-Strain Behavior -- 6.2.1 Low Strain -- 6.2.2 Hardness -- 6.2.3 Medium and High Strains-The Strain Dependence of Modulus -- 6.3 Strain-Energy Loss-Stress-Softening Effect -- 6.3.1 Mechanisms of Stress-Softening Effect -- 6.3.1.1 Gum -- 6.3.1.2 Filled Vulcanizates -- 6.3.1.3 Recovery of Stress Softening -- 6.3.2 Effect of Fillers on Stress Softening -- 6.3.2.1 Carbon Blacks -- 6.3.2.1.1 Effect of Loading 327 $a6.3.2.1.2 Effect of Surface Area -- 6.3.2.1.3 Effect of Structure -- 6.3.2.2 Precipitated Silica -- 6.4 Fracture Properties -- 6.4.1 Crack Initiation -- 6.4.2 Tearing -- 6.4.2.1 State of Tearing -- 6.4.2.1.1 Effect of Filler -- 6.4.2.1.2 Effect of Polymer Crystallizability and Network Structure -- 6.4.2.1.2.1 Non-Crystallizable Rubber-SBR -- 6.4.2.1.2.2 Crystallizable Rubber-NR -- 6.4.2.2 Tearing Energy -- 6.4.2.2.1 Effect of Filler -- 6.4.2.2.2 Effect of Polymer Crystallizability and Network Structure -- 6.4.2.2.2.1 Non-Crystallizable Rubber-SBR -- 6.4.2.2.2.2 Crystallizable Rubber-NR -- 6.4.3 Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break -- 6.4.4 Fatigue -- References -- 7 Effect of Fillers onthe Dynamic Properties of Vulcanizates -- 7.1 Dynamic Properties of Vulcanizates -- 7.2 Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates -- 7.2.1 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Elastic Modulus of Filled Rubber -- 7.2.2 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Viscous Modulus of Filled Rubber -- 7.2.3 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Loss Tangent of Filled Rubber -- 7.2.4 Hysteresis Mechanisms of Filled Rubber Concerning Different Modes of Filler Agglomeration -- 7.2.5 Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates -- 7.3 Dynamic Stress Softening Effect -- 7.3.1 Stress-Softening Effect of Filled Rubbers Measured with Mode 2 -- 7.3.2 Effect of Temperature on Dynamic Stress-Softening -- 7.3.3 Effect of Frequency on Dynamic Stress-Softening -- 7.3.4 Stress-Softening Effect of Filled Rubbers Measured with Mode 3 -- 7.3.5 Effect of Filler Characteristics on Dynamic Stress-Softening and Hysteresis -- 7.3.6 Dynamic Stress-Softening of Silica Compounds Produced by Liquid Phase Mixing -- 7.4 Time-Temperature Superposition of Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates -- 7.5 Heat Build-up -- 7.6 Resilience -- References -- 8 Rubber Reinforcement Related to Tire Performance 327 $a8.1 Rolling Resistance -- 8.1.1 Mechanisms of Rolling Resistance?Relationship between Rolling Resistance and Hysteresis -- 8.1.2 Effect of Filler on Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Properties -- 8.1.2.1 Effect of Filler Loading -- 8.1.2.2 Effect of Filler Morphology -- 8.1.2.2.1 Effect of Surface Area -- 8.1.2.2.2 Effect of Structure -- 8.1.2.3 Effect of Filler Surface Characteristics -- 8.1.2.3.1 Effect of Carbon Black Graphitization on Dynamic Properties -- 8.1.2.3.2 Comparison of Carbon Black and Silica -- 8.1.2.3.3 Effect of Filler Blends (Blend of Silica and Carbon Black, without Coupling Agent) -- 8.1.2.3.4 Effect of Surface Modification of Silica -- 8.1.2.3.5 Effect of Surface Modification of Carbon Black on Dynamic Properties -- 8.1.2.3.6 Carbon/Silica Dual Phase Filler -- 8.1.2.3.7 Polymeric Filler -- 8.1.3 Mixing Effect -- 8.1.4 Precrosslinking Effect -- 8.2 Skid Resistance?Friction -- 8.2.1 Mechanisms of Skid Resistance -- 8.2.1.1 Friction and Friction Coefficients - Static Friction and Dynamic Friction -- 8.2.1.2 Friction between Two Rigid Solid Surfaces -- 8.2.2 Friction of Rubber on Rigid Surface -- 8.2.2.1 Dry Friction -- 8.2.2.1.1 Adhesion Friction -- 8.2.2.1.2 Hysteresis Friction -- 8.2.2.2 Wet Friction -- 8.2.2.2.1 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication -- 8.2.2.2.2 The Thickness of Lubricant Film for Rubber Sliding over Rigid Asperity -- 8.2.2.2.3 Boundary Lubrication -- 8.2.2.2.4 Difference in Boundary Lubrication between Rigid-Rigid and Rigid-Elastomer Surfaces -- 8.2.2.3 Review of Frictional Properties of Some Tire Tread Materials -- 8.2.2.3.1 Carbon and Graphite -- 8.2.2.3.2 Glass -- 8.2.2.3.3 Rubber -- 8.2.2.3.4 Prediction of Friction of Filled Rubbers on Dry and Wet Road Surfaces Based on Surface Characteristics of Different Materials -- 8.2.2.4 Morphology of the Worn Surface of Filled Vulcanizates 327 $a8.2.2.4.1 Comparison of Polymer-Filler Interaction between Carbon Black and Silica 330 $a"In the rubber industry, one of the most widely practiced processes is the reinforcement of rubber by particulate fillers, especially carbon black and silica. This process is of such importance that more than 99% of rubber products contain fillers, and the research and development of fillers have become the most widely researched area in rubber science and technology. This book covers the most important theoretical and practical aspects of rubber reinforcement, such as filler basic properties and their characterization methods, the effect of fillers in polymers, the processability of compounds, and the properties of filled vulcanizates. Special chapters deal with applications of fillers in tires and industrial rubber goods and the reinforcement of silicone rubbers. Testing methods and their principles, applications, and limitations are reviewed, with emphasis on the surface activity, widely accepted as the "third dimension" of filler characterization, after particle size and structure. This has not been described in depth in other books on rubber reinforcement. The effects of fillers on rubber and their mechanisms, which are important links between filler properties and the performance of rubber goods, are explained. A guide for selecting the most appropriate reinforcing systems for specific applications is provided, taking into account processabilities and properties of filled compounds and performance of rubber products. With solutions to many practical problems related to rubber research and compounding, this book serves as a valuable companion to engineers and product developers in the rubber industry, material scientists, and teachers and students in material science and rubber courses"-- Provided by publisher 606 $aRubber goods 606 $aRubber$xReinforcement 606 $aFilters (Materials) 615 0$aRubber goods. 615 0$aRubber$xReinforcement. 615 0$aFilters (Materials) 676 $a678.3 700 $aWang$b Meng-Jiao$4aut$01822477 702 $aMorris$b Michael$cPh. D.$4aut 702 $aSmith$b Mark$4edt 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911007097003321 996 $aRubber Reinforcement with Particulate Fillers$94388687 997 $aUNINA