LEADER 07277nam 2200565 450 001 9910495214703321 005 20221026125917.0 010 $a3-030-79132-7 035 $a(CKB)4100000012008388 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6710580 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6710580 035 $a(PPN)257357017 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000012008388 100 $a20220513d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aLiver diseases in the pediatric intensive care unit $ea clinical guide /$fPhilippe Jouvet, Fernando Alvarez, editors 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (174 pages) 311 $a3-030-79131-9 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Liver Injury and Failure in Critically Ill Children -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology of Liver Injury in Critically Ill Patients -- Hypoxic Liver Injury -- Sepsis and Inflammation -- Venous Congestion -- Treatment-Associated Liver Injury -- Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease (PNLAD) -- Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) -- Transfusions -- Clinical Presentation and Patterns of Acquired Liver Injury and Failure -- Patterns of Liver Injury -- Clinical Presentation and Evolution -- Diagnosis -- Hypoxic Liver Injury -- Cholestatic Liver Dysfunction -- Pitfalls in Diagnosis -- Aminotransferases -- Bilirubin -- Alkaline Phosphatase -- INR -- Albumin -- Novel Markers and Tests -- Serum Bile Acids Levels -- Indocyanine Green Plasma Disappearance Rate (ICG-PDR) -- Liver Stiffness -- An Approach to Abnormal Liver Tests in the ICU -- Treatment -- Treating the Underlying Cause and Preventing Further Injury -- Treating the Complications -- Specific Treatment and Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Acute Liver Failure -- Definition -- Aetiologies of Acute Liver Failure in Newborn and Infants (Tables 1 and 2) -- Metabolic Diseases -- Indeterminate Hepatitis -- Viral Infections -- Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) -- Foetal Alloimmune Hepatitis -- Giant Cell Hepatitis with Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia -- Vascular Disorders/Decrease in Liver Perfusion -- Etiologies of Acute Liver Failure in Children (Tables 1 and 2) -- Indeterminate Hepatitis -- Viral Infections -- Drugs -- Paracetamol/Acetaminophen -- Isoniazid -- Volatile Anaesthetic Agents (Halothane, Desflurane, Enflurane, Isoflurane, and Sevoflurane) -- Anticonvulsant Agents: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproic acid, and Some of the Newer Anticonvulsants -- Other Drugs -- Toxics -- Autoimmune -- Metabolic -- Hematological Disorders. 327 $aVascular Disorders -- Clinical Presentation -- Laboratory Tests -- Complications -- Treatments -- Non-specific Treatments -- Specific Treatments -- Extracorporeal Therapy as a Bridge to Liver Transplantation -- Prognosis -- Conclusions -- References -- Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure -- Definitions and Diagnostic Criteria -- Prevalence -- Etiology -- Etiology of Chronic Liver Disease -- Etiology of the Acute Insult -- Pathogenesis -- Natural History and Outcome of ACLF -- Predictive Models and Mortality -- Management -- Conclusions -- References -- Liver Failure and the Brain -- Pathophysiology -- Hyperammonia -- Glutamine -- Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) -- Glutamate -- Cerebral Autoregulation -- Cerebral Edema -- Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of HE -- Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis -- Treatment -- Outcome -- Conclusion -- References -- Liver Failure and the Kidneys -- Introduction -- Physiopathology -- Definition and Diagnosis -- Management -- Conclusion -- References -- Liver Failure and Extracorporeal Therapies -- Renal Replacement Therapies -- RRT Method -- Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies -- Intermittent Hemodialysis -- Peritoneal Dialysis -- Extracorporeal Liver Support Therapies -- Artificial Extracorporeal Liver Support Systems (Table 1) -- Albumin Dialysis -- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis) -- Artificial Extracorporeal Liver Support Efficacy -- Biological Extracorporeal Liver Support Systems -- Conclusion -- References -- Liver Failure and the Lungs -- Introduction -- Lung Inflammation -- PARDS Management -- Intra-abdominal Hypertension -- Diagnosis and Management of IAH -- Hepatopulmonary Syndrome -- Diagnosis and Management of HPS -- Porto-Pulmonary Hypertension -- Diagnosis and Management of POPH -- Treatments and Transplant Consideration -- Hepatic Hydrothorax -- Conclusions -- References. 327 $aLiver Failure and the Heart -- Introduction -- The Heart and the Liver: Anatomic Relationships -- Cardiac Complications of Pediatric Liver Diseases -- High-Output Cardiac Failure -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Treatment -- Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Manifestations -- Treatment -- Hepatic Complications of Pediatric Cardiac Disease -- Hepatic Complications of Acute Cardiac Insufficiency: Ischemic Hepatitis -- Fontan-Associated Liver Disease (FALD) -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Liver Failure and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation -- Introduction -- Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome -- Physiopathology -- Risk Factors of SOS -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Criteria -- Prevention -- Treatment -- Fluids Management -- Transfusion Support -- Ventilation -- Nutrition -- Infection Treatments -- Liver Dysfunction Treatment -- Delirium Treatment -- Other Causes of Liver Injury in Children Undergoing HSCT -- Infection -- Hepatotropic Virus -- Sepsis -- Graft Versus Host Disease -- Acute Graft Versus Host Disease -- Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease -- Metabolic -- Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis -- Iron Overload -- Drug-Related Injury -- Conclusions -- References -- Liver Transplantation in Critically Ill Children -- Main Aspects of Liver Transplantation in Children -- Surgical Approaches -- Donor Selection -- Outcomes and Surgical Complications -- Waiting for a Transplant -- Indications -- Pretransplant Evaluation and Listing -- Pretransplant Management and Complications on the Waiting List -- Post-transplant Management -- Liver Function -- Monitoring Potential Complications -- Immunosuppression and Rejection -- Conclusion -- References -- Index. 606 $aLiver$xDiseases 606 $aPediatric gastroenterology 606 $aPediatric intensive care 606 $aMalalties del fetge$2thub 606 $aGastroenterologia pediàtrica$2thub 606 $aMedicina intensiva$2thub 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 0$aLiver$xDiseases. 615 0$aPediatric gastroenterology. 615 0$aPediatric intensive care. 615 7$aMalalties del fetge 615 7$aGastroenterologia pediàtrica 615 7$aMedicina intensiva 676 $a616.362 702 $aJouvet$b Philippe 702 $aAlvarez$b Fernando 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910495214703321 996 $aLiver Diseases in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit$92821442 997 $aUNINA