LEADER 03617nam 2200637 a 450 001 9910459333303321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-58464-2 010 $a9786612584640 010 $a0-226-03908-0 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226039084 035 $a(CKB)2670000000019431 035 $a(EBL)534570 035 $a(OCoLC)635292177 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000412320 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12104508 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000412320 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10365978 035 $a(PQKB)10876799 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC534570 035 $a(DE-B1597)535532 035 $a(OCoLC)1119032140 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226039084 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL534570 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10389557 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL258464 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000019431 100 $a20090528d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe atlas of world hunger$b[electronic resource] /$fThomas J. Bassett and Alex Winter-Nelson 210 $aChicago ;$aLondon $cUniversity of Chicago Press$d2010 215 $a1 online resource (217 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-226-03907-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $apt. 1. Locating hunger -- pt. 2. The sources of hunger. 330 $aEarlier this year, President Obama declared one of his top priorities to be "making sure that people are able to get enough to eat." The United States spends about five billion dollars on food aid and related programs each year, but still, both domestically and internationally, millions of people are hungry. In 2006, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations counted 850 million hungry people worldwide, but as food prices soared, an additional 100 million or more who were vulnerable succumbed to food insecurity. If hunger were simply a matter of food production, no one would go without. There is more than enough food produced annually to provide every living person with a healthy diet, yet so many suffer from food shortages, unsafe water, and malnutrition every year. That's because hunger is a complex political, economic, and ecological phenomenon. The interplay of these forces produces a geography of hunger that Thomas J. Bassett and Alex Winter-Nelson illuminate in this empowering book. The Atlas of World Hunger uses a conceptual framework informed by geography and agricultural economics to present a hunger index that combines food availability, household access, and nutritional outcomes into a single tool-one that delivers a fuller understanding of the scope of global hunger, its underlying mechanisms, and the ways in which the goals for ending hunger can be achieved. The first depiction of the geography of hunger worldwide, the Atlas will be an important resource for teachers, students, and anyone else interested in understanding the geography and causes of hunger. This knowledge, the authors argue, is a critical first step toward eliminating unnecessary suffering in a world of plenty. 606 $aFood supply$vMaps 606 $aAtlases 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aFood supply 615 0$aAtlases. 676 $a363.8022/3 700 $aBassett$b Thomas J$0303723 701 $aWinter-Nelson$b Alex E$0985916 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910459333303321 996 $aThe atlas of world hunger$92253469 997 $aUNINA LEADER 00958nam a2200265 i 4500 001 991002958789707536 008 071018s1991 xxu 000 0 eng d 020 $a0262061414 020 $a9780262061414 035 $ab13607911-39ule_inst 040 $aSet. Economia$bita 082 $a658.40353 100 1 $aFudenberg, Drew$0613527 245 10$aGame theory /$cDrew Fudenberg, Jean Tirole 260 $aCambridge, Mass. ;$aLondon :$bThe MIT,$cc1991 300 $axxiii, 579 p. ;$c26 cm 500 $aBibliografia a fine capitolo 650 04$aTeoria dei giochi 700 1 $aTirole, Jean$eauthor$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$060161 907 $a.b13607911$b30-03-16$c18-10-07 912 $a991002958789707536 945 $aLE025 ECO 658.4 FUD01.01$g1$i2025000119505$lle025$o-$pE0.00$q-$rl$sc $t1$u5$v3$w5$x0$y.i14584311$z18-10-07 996 $aGame theory$932402 997 $aUNISALENTO 998 $ale025$b18-10-07$cm$da $e-$feng$gxxu$h0$i0 LEADER 09504nam 2200601 450 001 9910488727503321 005 20230621133442.0 010 $a3-030-66796-0 035 $a(CKB)4100000011979430 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6675962 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6675962 035 $a(OCoLC)1259627666 035 $a(PPN)26030204X 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011979430 100 $a20220327d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aEthology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears /$fRandall W. Davis, Anthony M. Pagano, editors 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (366 pages) 225 1 $aEthology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals 311 $a3-030-66795-2 327 $aIntro -- Introduction to the Series -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Behavior of Sea Otters and Polar Bears in the Marine Environment -- 1.2 Chapter Sequence -- References -- Part I: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters -- Chapter 2: Taxonomy and Evolution of Sea Otters -- 2.1 Taxonomy -- 2.2 Early Evolution of Mammals -- 2.3 Emergence of the Carnivora -- 2.4 Mustelidae and the Otter Clade -- 2.5 Sea Otters -- References -- Chapter 3: Sea Otter Behavior: Morphologic, Physiologic, and Sensory Adaptations -- 3.1 Morphology -- 3.1.1 Craniodental Morphology and Feeding -- 3.1.2 Axial and Appendicular Skeletal Morphology, Prey Capture, and Locomotion -- 3.1.2.1 Axial Specialization -- 3.1.2.2 Appendicular Specialization -- 3.1.2.3 Aquatic Locomotion -- 3.1.2.4 Terrestrial Locomotion -- 3.2 Physiology -- 3.2.1 Respiration, Lung Volume, Buoyancy, and Oxygen Stores -- 3.2.2 Effects of Pressure -- 3.2.3 Adaptations for Breath-Hold Diving -- 3.2.4 Metabolism and Thermoregulation -- 3.2.5 Sleep -- 3.3 Sensory Systems -- 3.3.1 Vision -- 3.3.2 Audition and Sound Production -- 3.3.3 Sense of Touch and Vibrissae -- 3.3.4 Olfaction (Smell) -- 3.3.5 Gustation (Taste) -- 3.3.6 The Multimodal Sensory Perception (Umwelt) of Sea Otters -- References -- Chapter 4: Sea Otter Foraging Behavior -- 4.1 Sea Otters: Marine Specialists But Diet Generalists -- 4.2 Evolution of Sea Otter Foraging Behavior -- 4.3 Foraging Dives -- 4.4 Diet -- 4.5 Prey Capture -- 4.6 Daily Foraging Duration -- 4.7 Carrying Capacity and Foraging Behavior -- References -- Chapter 5: Social Structure of Marine Otters: Inter and Intraspecific Variation -- 5.1 Patterns of Social Behavior and Cooperation in Otters -- 5.2 Marine Otters -- 5.3 North American River Otter Sociality -- 5.3.1 Social Interactions Among Males -- 5.3.2 Social Interactions Among Females. 327 $a5.3.3 The Role of Latrines in River Otter Sociality -- 5.3.4 Social Behavior at Latrines -- 5.3.5 River Otter Social Network Structure -- 5.4 Sea Otter Sociality -- 5.4.1 Interactions Among Males -- 5.4.2 Interactions Among Females -- 5.4.3 Sea Otter Social Structure -- 5.5 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 6: Reproductive Behavior of Male Sea Otters -- 6.1 Male Sea Otters: Morphologic, Physiologic and Behavioral Traits -- 6.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Male Reproduction -- 6.3 Evolution of the Sea Otter Mating System -- 6.4 Male Territorial Behavior -- 6.5 Male Mating Behavior -- 6.6 Comparisons with Other Marine Mammals and Otters -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Reproductive Behavior of Female Sea Otters and Their Pups -- 7.1 Female Sea Otters: Morphologic, Physiologic, and Behavioral Traits -- 7.2 Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior of Female Reproduction -- 7.3 Lactation -- 7.4 Maternal and Pup Behavior -- 7.5 Female Reproductive Strategy -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Sea Otter Behavior and Its Influence on Littoral Community Structure -- 8.1 Sea Otters: A Littoral Predator -- 8.2 The Challenge of Sea Otter Ecological Research -- 8.3 Historical Perspective -- 8.4 Current Perspective -- 8.5 Community Changes in Nearshore Marine Ecosystems -- 8.5.1 Top-Down Effects -- 8.5.2 Bottom-Up Effects -- 8.5.3 Indirect Effects -- 8.6 Contrasting Littoral Communities Along the Gulf of Alaska -- 8.7 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 9: Sea Otter Predator Avoidance Behavior -- 9.1 The Sea Otter Predator-Prey Relationship -- 9.2 Humans -- 9.3 Bald Eagles -- 9.4 Brown Bears -- 9.5 White Sharks -- 9.6 Killer Whales -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Sea Otters and the Maritime Fur Trade -- 10.1 Native Uses of Sea Otters -- 10.2 The Early Asian Sea Otter Trade. 327 $a10.3 Bering´s Expedition Discovers Sea Otters -- 10.4 The Rush for Sea Otter Fur Begins -- 10.5 Conquest of the Aleutian Islands -- 10.6 The Russian Invasion of Alaska´s Southcentral Coast -- 10.7 Sea Otter Hunting Techniques -- 10.8 The Sea Otter Fur Trade in the Early nineteenth Century -- 10.9 The Sea Otter Fur Trade from 1820-1840 -- 10.10 Purchase of Alaska by the United States and Renewed Sea Otter Hunting -- 10.11 Effects on Sea Otter Populations -- 10.12 Effects on Native Hunters -- 10.13 Effects on Natives Left Behind -- 10.14 Effects on Colonial Russians -- 10.15 The Economics of the Maritime Sea Otter Trade -- 10.16 Lessons from the Sea Otter Fur Trade -- References -- Part II: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Polar Bears -- Chapter 11: Polar Bear Taxonomy and Evolution -- 11.1 Taxonomy -- 11.2 Polar Bear and Brown Bear Pre-genetic and Genetic Studies -- 11.2.1 Pre-genetic Studies -- 11.2.2 Genetic Studies -- 11.2.3 Ancient DNA -- 11.2.4 Current Hypotheses -- 11.3 Polar Bear Diversity -- 11.4 Polar Bear Hybridization with Brown Bears -- 11.5 Natural Selection -- 11.6 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 12: Polar Bear Behavior: Morphologic and Physiologic Adaptations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Morphology -- 12.2.1 Temporal and Spatial Variation in Morphometrics -- 12.2.2 Craniodental Morphology and Feeding -- 12.2.3 Axial and Appendicular Skeletal Morphology -- 12.2.4 Body Composition -- 12.3 Senses -- 12.4 Metabolism -- 12.5 Thermoregulation -- 12.6 Reproduction and Hibernation -- 12.7 Feeding and Fasting -- 12.8 Disease and Immune Function -- 12.9 Physiological Effects of Environmental Contaminants -- 12.10 Future Research -- References -- Chapter 13: Polar Bear Foraging Behavior -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Seasonal Foraging Patterns -- 13.3 Hunting Behavior -- 13.4 Learning to Hunt -- 13.5 Terrestrial Foraging. 327 $a13.6 Future Research -- 13.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Polar Bear Reproductive and Denning Behavior -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Reproduction -- 14.2.1 The Mating System -- 14.2.2 The Reproductive Cycle -- 14.2.3 The Role of Adult Males in the Reproductive Cycle -- 14.2.4 The Role of Adult Females in the Reproductive Cycle -- 14.2.5 The Role of Polar Bear Cubs in the Reproductive Cycle. -- 14.3 Denning -- 14.3.1 Denning Ecology -- 14.3.2 Distribution of Denning Sites -- 14.3.3 Den Structure -- 14.3.4 Den Site Fidelity -- 14.3.5 Denning Chronology -- 14.3.6 Post-denning Behavior -- 14.3.7 Response to Human Activity at Maternal Den Sites -- 14.4 The Effect of Climate Change on Reproduction -- 14.5 Future Research -- References -- Chapter 15: Polar Bear Maternal Care, Neonatal Development, and Social Behavior -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Maternal Behavior and Neonatal Development -- 15.2.1 Gestation and Altriciality -- 15.2.2 Maternal Behavior -- 15.2.3 Neonatal Behavior -- 15.3 Social Behavior -- 15.4 Effects of Climate Change on Neonatal Behavior and Development -- 15.5 Conclusions and Future Research -- References -- Chapter 16: Polar Bear Behavior in Response to Climate Change -- 16.1 Changes in Feeding Behavior -- 16.2 Movements and Habitat Use -- 16.3 Denning -- 16.4 Weaning -- 16.5 Mating -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Human-Polar Bear Interactions -- 17.1 Human-Wildlife Interactions -- 17.1.1 Interactions and Conflict: Key Terms and Definitions -- 17.1.2 Behavioral Components of Conflict: A Bear´s Perspective -- 17.1.3 Behavioral Components of Conflict: A Human Perspective -- 17.2 Historical Drivers of Human-Polar Bear Interactions and Conflict -- 17.2.1 Subsistence Hunting and Arctic Exploration -- 17.2.2 Human Population Growth -- 17.2.3 Attractants -- 17.2.4 Recreation -- 17.2.5 Industrial Development. 327 $a17.3 Contemporary Drivers of Human-Polar Bear Interactions and Conflict -- 17.3.1 Climate Warming -- 17.3.2 Attractants Revisited -- 17.3.3 Tourism and Recreation -- 17.3.4 Oil and Gas Exploration and Production -- 17.4 Mitigating the Risk of Future Conflict: A Conceptual Model -- References -- Index. 410 0$aEthology and behavioral ecology of marine mammals. 606 $aSea otter$xBehavior 606 $aPolar bear$xBehavior 606 $aLlúdries$2thub 606 $aÓssos (Mamífers)$2thub 606 $aEtologia$2thub 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 0$aSea otter$xBehavior. 615 0$aPolar bear$xBehavior. 615 7$aLlúdries 615 7$aÓssos (Mamífers) 615 7$aEtologia 676 $a599.74446 702 $aPagano$b Anthony M. 702 $aDavis$b Randall W. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910488727503321 996 $aEthology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears$92818616 997 $aUNINA