LEADER 04055nam 22005535 450 001 9910484959903321 005 20220415184150.0 010 $a3-030-17608-8 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-030-17608-2 035 $a(CKB)4100000009076260 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5880617 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-030-17608-2 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000009076260 100 $a20190823d2019 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aLabor in colonial Kenya after the Forced Labor Convention, 1930?1963$b[electronic resource] /$fby Opolot Okia 205 $a1st ed. 2019. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2019. 215 $a1 online resource (266 pages) 311 $a3-030-17607-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1 Introduction: Communal Forced Labor as a Mask of Tradition -- 2 ''Skinny Scarecrows'': Forced Labor in Kenya before the Forced Labor Convention -- 3 The Tactical Compromise: The 1930 Forced Labor Convention and Kenya Colony -- 4 Interlude: Forced Labor during WWII -- 5 Protecting the Soil (1): Communal Labor and Land Degradation in Central Province -- 6 Protecting the Soil (2): Communal Labor and Land Degredation in Nyanza Province -- 7 Controlling ''Spivs'': The ILO and Emergency Communal Labor, 1952-1960 -- 8 Conclusion: The Phoenix of Abolition -- . 330 $aThis book advances research into the government-forced labor used widely in colonial Kenya from 1930 to 1963 after the passage of the International Labor Organization?s Forced Labour Convention. While the 1930 Convention intended to mark the suppression of forced labor practices, various exemptions meant that many coercive labor practices continued in colonial territories. Focusing on East Africa and the Kenya Colony, this book shows how the colonial administration was able to exploit the exemption clause for communal labor, thus ensuring the mobilization of African labor for infrastructure development. As an exemption, communal labor was not defined as forced labor but instead justified as a continuation of traditional African and community labor practices. Despite this ideological justification, the book shows that communal labor was indeed an intensification of coercive labor practices and one that penalized Africans for non-compliance with fines or imprisonment. The use of forced labor before and after the passage of the Convention is examined, with a focus on its use during World War II as well as in efforts to combat soil erosion in the rural African reserve areas in Kenya. The exploitation of female labor, the Mau Mau war of the 1950s, civilian protests, and the regeneration of communal labor as harambee after independence are also discussed. 606 $aAfrica, Sub-Saharan?History 606 $aImperialism 606 $aLabor?History 606 $aHistory, Modern 606 $aHistory of Sub-Saharan Africa$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/714020 606 $aImperialism and Colonialism$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/722000 606 $aLabor History$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/725000 606 $aModern History$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/713000 615 0$aAfrica, Sub-Saharan?History. 615 0$aImperialism. 615 0$aLabor?History. 615 0$aHistory, Modern. 615 14$aHistory of Sub-Saharan Africa. 615 24$aImperialism and Colonialism. 615 24$aLabor History. 615 24$aModern History. 676 $a331.117309676209041 700 $aOkia$b Opolot$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01220822 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910484959903321 996 $aLabor in colonial Kenya after the Forced Labor Convention, 1930?1963$92829206 997 $aUNINA