LEADER 04876oam 22011054 450 001 9910788403303321 005 20230828235803.0 010 $a1-4623-9420-5 010 $a1-4527-0373-6 010 $a1-283-51750-7 010 $a1-4519-8927-X 010 $a9786613829955 035 $a(CKB)3360000000443921 035 $a(EBL)3014328 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000941483 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11492043 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000941483 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10963639 035 $a(PQKB)10474987 035 $a(OCoLC)698585516 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3014328 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2006124 035 $a(EXLCZ)993360000000443921 100 $a20020129d2006 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aIndirect Taxes on International Aviation /$fJon Strand, Michael Keen 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2006. 215 $a1 online resource (58 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aAt head of title: Fiscal Affairs Department. 300 $a"May 2006." 311 $a1-4518-6384-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 50-56). 327 $a""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. TYPES OF AVIATION TAX""; ""III. AVIATION TAXES IN PRACTICE""; ""IV. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER EXTERNALITIES""; ""V. TAXING INTERNATIONAL AVIATION: BASIC PRINCIPLES""; ""VI. THE IMPLICATIONS OF NON-ENVIRONMENTAL DISTORTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL AVIATION""; ""VII. RATES, REVENUE, AND INCIDENCE""; ""VIII. ADMINISTRATION AND COMPLIANCE""; ""IX. CONCLUSIONS""; ""References"" 330 3 $aThis paper examines the case for internationally coordinated indirect taxes on aviation (as a source of general revenue-not (necessarily) as a source of development finance). The case for such taxes is strong: the tax burden on international aviation is currently limited, yet it contributes significantly to border-crossing environmental damage. A tax on aviation fuel would address the key border-crossing externalities most directly; a ticket tax could raise more revenue; departure taxes face the least legal obstacles. Optimal policy requires deploying both fuel and ticket taxes. A fuel tax of 20 U.S. cents per gallon (10 percent, at today's fuel prices, corresponding to assessed environmental damage), or alternatively ticket taxes of 2.5 percent, would raise about US$10 billion if imposed worldwide, and US$3 billion if applied only in Europe. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2006/124 606 $aAeronautics, Commercial$xTaxation 606 $aIndirect taxation$xLaw and legislation$xInternational cooperation 606 $aInfrastructure$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aAviation$2imf 606 $aAir Transportation$2imf 606 $aBusiness Taxes and Subsidies$2imf 606 $aIndustry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General$2imf 606 $aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General$2imf 606 $aTransport industries$2imf 606 $aExcise taxes$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aFuel tax$2imf 606 $aTransportation$2imf 606 $aPublic expenditure review$2imf 606 $aValue-added tax$2imf 606 $aAerospace industries$2imf 606 $aMotor fuels;Taxation$2imf 606 $aSaving and investment$2imf 606 $aExpenditures, Public$2imf 606 $aSpendings tax$2imf 607 $aUnited Kingdom$2imf 615 0$aAeronautics, Commercial$xTaxation. 615 0$aIndirect taxation$xLaw and legislation$xInternational cooperation. 615 7$aInfrastructure 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aAviation 615 7$aAir Transportation 615 7$aBusiness Taxes and Subsidies 615 7$aIndustry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General 615 7$aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General 615 7$aTransport industries 615 7$aExcise taxes 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aFuel tax 615 7$aTransportation 615 7$aPublic expenditure review 615 7$aValue-added tax 615 7$aAerospace industries 615 7$aMotor fuels;Taxation 615 7$aSaving and investment 615 7$aExpenditures, Public 615 7$aSpendings tax 700 $aStrand$b Jon$01546595 701 $aKeen$b Michael$0125941 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund.$bFiscal Affairs Dept. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788403303321 996 $aIndirect Taxes on International Aviation$93850004 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03447nam 22006615 450 001 9910484154103321 005 20251030100431.0 010 $a9781137593979 010 $a1137593970 024 7 $a10.1057/978-1-137-59397-9 035 $a(CKB)4100000007158907 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5606633 035 $a(DE-He213)978-1-137-59397-9 035 $a(Perlego)3492583 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC29090552 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000007158907 100 $a20181121d2019 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aGreat Britain and the Unifying of Italy $eA Special Relationship? /$fby O. J. Wright 205 $a1st ed. 2019. 210 1$aLondon :$cPalgrave Macmillan UK :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2019. 215 $a1 online resource (229 pages) 225 1 $aBritain and the World,$x2947-7190 311 08$a9781137593962 311 08$a1137593962 327 $a1. Introduction -- 2. The Place of Italy in Victorian Foreign Policy, 1851-61 -- 3. Watching Italy: The Liberal Triumvirate and the Fledgling Kingdom of Italy, 1861-62 -- 4. Shaping Italy: British Efforts to Restrain Italy, 1862-66 -- 5. Preserving Italy: The Conservatives and the Fragility of Italian Unity, 1866-68 -- 6. Consolidating Italy: Great Britain and the Culmination of the Risorgimento, 1868-70 -- 7. Conclusion. 330 $aThis book explores the interest of British leaders, diplomats and consuls in the unifying of Italy. It is the first study to provide a comprehensive narrative of British policy on Italian affairs between the formation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 and its consolidation as a new nation-state through the acquisitions of Venice in 1866 and Rome in 1870. Commencing with an investigation of the place of Italy within the context of mid-Victorian Britain?s global interests, the book investigates the origins of British sympathy for Italian nationalism during the 1850s, before charting the development of British foreign policy regarding Italy during its unification and consolidation. An emphasis is placed upon the tendency of British leaders and representatives to consider it their responsibility to guide the new Italy through its formative years, and upon their desire to draw Italy into a ?special relationship? with Britain as the dominant power within the Mediterranean. 410 0$aBritain and the World,$x2947-7190 606 $aGreat Britain$xHistory 606 $aItaly$xHistory 606 $aInternational relations 606 $aWorld politics 606 $aHistory, Modern 606 $aHistory of Britain and Ireland 606 $aHistory of Italy 606 $aInternational Relations 606 $aPolitical History 606 $aModern History 615 0$aGreat Britain$xHistory. 615 0$aItaly$xHistory. 615 0$aInternational relations. 615 0$aWorld politics. 615 0$aHistory, Modern. 615 14$aHistory of Britain and Ireland. 615 24$aHistory of Italy. 615 24$aInternational Relations. 615 24$aPolitical History. 615 24$aModern History. 676 $a327.41045 700 $aWright$b O. J$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01225210 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910484154103321 996 $aGreat Britain and the Unifying of Italy$92844794 997 $aUNINA