LEADER 09921nam 2200625 450 001 9910483923603321 005 20231110232232.0 010 $a981-15-3809-3 035 $a(CKB)4100000011807314 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6524998 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6524998 035 $a(OCoLC)1243261429 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011807314 100 $a20211014d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 04$aThe acquisition of Chinese as a second language pronunciation $esegments and prosody /$fedited by Chunsheng Yang 210 1$aSingapore :$cSpringer,$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (336 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aProsody, Phonology and Phonetics 311 $a981-15-3808-5 327 $aIntro -- Introduction -- References -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- About the Editor -- Contributors -- Segments and Tones -- Production of the Mandarin Rhotic Onset /?/ by Indonesian Learners of Mandarin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Stimuli -- 2.3 Recording -- 2.4 Data Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Error Types -- 3.2 Acoustic Results -- 4 General Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- What is in the Final Stage of Inter-Language? Tone Errors and Phonological Constraints in Spontaneous Speech in Very Advanced Learners of Mandarin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Questions, Method and Subjects -- 3 Data and Analysis -- 3.1 TMS -- 3.2 TPC -- 3.3 OCP -- 4 Discussion and Conclusions -- 4.1 Summary of Answers to the Research Questions -- 4.2 Rule Configuration as the Explanation -- 4.3 Constraint Re-Ranking in L2 Acquisition -- References -- Categorical Perception of Mandarin Tones by Native and Second Language Speakers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Questions -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Subjects -- 3.2 Stimuli -- 3.3 Procedures -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Discrimination Task -- 4.2 Identification Task -- 5 Summary and Discussion -- 5.1 Results of the Discrimination Task -- 5.2 Results of the Identification Task -- 5.3 General Discussion -- 5.4 Pedagogical Implications -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- What if What You Think is the Opposite of What I Say? Evidence from Putonghua/Lanzhou Bidialectal Speakers on the Online Processing of Two Tonal Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Mandarin Dialects: Lanzhou Mandarin -- 1.2 The Visual World Paradigm (VWP), Tone, and Bilingualism -- 1.3 This Study -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Materials -- 2.3 Procedure -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Behavioral Results -- 3.2 Eyetracking Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Appendix: List of Stimuli Used in Eyetracking Trials -- References. 327 $aThe Effect of Perceptual Training on Teaching Mandarin Chinese Tones -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Tones in Mandarin Chinese -- 2.2 English-Speaking Learners' Perception of Tones in Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Words -- 2.3 High Variability Phonetic Training -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Participants -- 3.2 Stimuli -- 3.3 Procedure -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Tones in the Monosyllabic Stimuli by the Two Training Groups -- 4.2 Tones in the Disyllabic Stimuli by the Two Training Groups -- 4.3 Tonal Confusion in the Monosyllabic Stimuli by the Training Groups -- 4.4 Tonal Confusion in the Disyllabic Stimuli by the Training Groups -- 4.5 Training Effects on Syllable Position -- 4.6 Training Effects on Tonal Context -- 4.7 Training Effects on Tonal Sequence -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- 5.1 Improved Tones -- 5.2 Problematic Tone Pairs -- 5.3 Linguistic Factors -- 6 Pedagogical Implications -- 7 Limitations and Future Research -- References -- Tone Category Learning Should Serve Tone Word Learning: An Experiment of Integrating Pronunciation Teaching in the L2 Chinese Curriculum -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Tone Category Versus Tone Word Learning in L2 Chinese -- 1.2 Current Study: Integrate Pronunciation Teaching in the Curriculum -- 1.3 Technological Component of the Current Study -- 1.4 Pronunciation Assessment -- 1.5 Word-Specific Effect on Pronunciation -- 2 Research Questions -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 Participants -- 3.2 Training Materials and Test Instruments -- 3.3 Procedure -- 3.4 Data Coding -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Production Results -- 4.2 Comprehensibility Rating Across Words -- 4.3 Word Learning (Dictation) Results -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Pedagogical Implication -- Appendix -- References -- "Repeat After Me": Is There a Better Way to Correct Tone Errors in Teaching Mandarin Chinese as a Second Language? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Method. 327 $a2.1 Participants -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 A Pedagogical Model -- 6 Limitations and Future Studies -- References -- Prosody -- Duration of Disyllabic Words Produced by Russian Learners of Chinese -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Experiment Instrument and Procedure -- 2.3 Analyses -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Duration of Disyllabic Words Between NS and NNS -- 3.2 Duration Affected by Different Positions in a Sentence -- 3.3 Duration Affected by Different Positions Within a Disyllabic Word According to the Positions in a Sentence -- 3.4 Duration Affected by Tones According to the Positions in a Sentence -- 3.5 Summary -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Differences at the Sentence-Medial Position -- 4.2 Non-significant Differences at the Sentence-Final Position -- 4.3 Tone Effect -- 4.4 Future Research Directions -- 5 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- How Does Mandarin Learning Experience Modulate Second-Language Learners' Phonological Knowledge of Tone 3 Sandhi in Word Production? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Materials -- 2.3 Procedures -- 2.4 Measurements -- 2.5 Data Analysis -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- Appendix -- References -- Intelligibility, Comprehensibility, Accentedness, and Fluency -- The Effect of Fundamental Frequency on Mandarin Intelligibility by L2 Learners in Quiet and Noise Environments: A Pilot Study -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Intelligibility -- 1.2 Factors Affecting Intelligibility -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Stimuli -- 2.3 Procedure -- 2.4 The Measurement of Intelligibility -- 3 Data Analysis and Results -- 4 Discussions -- 5 Pedagogical Implications, Limitations and Future Studies -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix 1. Sentences List -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Effects of Segments, Intonation and Rhythm on the Perception of L2 Accentedness and Comprehensibility. 327 $a1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Segments and Prosody in L2 Pronunciation Teaching and Research -- 2.2 Research Gaps -- 2.3 Predictions -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Material Preparation -- 3.2 Chinese Native Judges -- 3.3 Procedure -- 4 Results -- 5 Summary and Discussions -- 5.1 Summary -- 5.2 Discussions -- 6 Conclusions -- Appendix: Sentences Used -- References -- Foreign Accent in Second Language Mandarin Chinese -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What is Foreign-Accented Mandarin Like? -- 2.1 The Speech Sound Distributions of a Language -- 2.2 Accent-Shifted Pronunciation and Pronunciation Errors -- 2.3 How Frequent Are Tone Errors in L2 Speech? -- 2.4 How to Investigate Tone Errors in Future Research? -- 3 How Does Foreign-Accentedness Affect the Comprehensibility of L2 Mandarin? -- 3.1 The Relationship Between Accentedness and Comprehensibility in L2 Mandarin -- 3.2 Can Listeners Adapt to Foreign-Accented Mandarin? -- 4 Future Directions for Foreign-Accented Mandarin Research -- 4.1 What Specific Sounds May Be Most Important to Target in Pronunciation Teaching? -- 4.2 How Do Prosodic Features of Foreign-Accented Speech Impact Comprehensibility? -- 4.3 What Are the Social Implications of Foreign-Accented Mandarin? -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Exploring Fluency and Disfluency Features of Oral Performances in Chinese as a Second Language -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Definitions of Fluency -- 2.2 Temporal Measures of Fluency -- 2.3 Studies on Fluency -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Instrument -- 3.2 Participants -- 3.3 Procedure -- 3.4 Rating -- 3.5 Analyses -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Correlations Between Fluency Features and Proficiency Levels -- 4.2 Distinguishing Fluency and Disfluency Features -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge in Second Language Speaking Fluency: A Mixed-Methods Study. 327 $a1 Introduction -- 2 Second Language Speaking Fluency -- 3 Vocabulary and L2 Cognitive Fluency -- 4 The Present Study -- 5 Method -- 5.1 Participants -- 5.2 Experiment -- 5.3 Stimulated Recall -- 6 Results -- 6.1 Experiment -- 6.2 Stimulated Recall -- 7 Discussion -- 8 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References. 410 0$aProsody, Phonology and Phonetics 606 $aChinese language$xMetrics and rhythmics 606 $aChinese language$xStudy and teaching$xForeign speakers 606 $aChinese language$xTone 606 $aXinès$2thub 606 $aMètrica i ritme$2thub 606 $aTo (Fonètica)$2thub 606 $aEnsenyament de llengües estrangeres$2thub 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 0$aChinese language$xMetrics and rhythmics. 615 0$aChinese language$xStudy and teaching$xForeign speakers. 615 0$aChinese language$xTone. 615 7$aXinès 615 7$aMètrica i ritme 615 7$aTo (Fonètica) 615 7$aEnsenyament de llengües estrangeres 676 $a025.316 702 $aYang$b Chunsheng $4edt 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910483923603321 996 $aThe acquisition of Chinese as a second language pronunciation$91901742 997 $aUNINA