LEADER 02929nam 2200589 a 450 001 9910483808603321 005 20251117065020.0 010 $a9783540778516 010 $a3540778519 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-540-77851-6 035 $a(CKB)1000000000437239 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000319463 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11230368 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000319463 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10339717 035 $a(PQKB)11098646 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-540-77851-6 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3068733 035 $a(PPN)12704888X 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000437239 100 $a20080122d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn|008mamaa 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPoint estimation of root finding methods /$fMiodrag Petkovic 205 $a1st ed. 2008. 210 $aBerlin $cSpringer$d2008 215 $axii, 210 p. $cill 225 1 $aLecture notes in mathematics,$x0075-8434 ;$v1933 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9783540778509 311 08$a3540778500 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 197-204) and index. 327 $aBasic Concepts -- Iterative Processes and Point Estimation Theory -- Point Estimation of Simultaneous Methods -- Families of Simultaneous Methods of Higher Order: Part I -- Families of Simultaneous Methods of Higher Order: Part II. 330 $aThis book sets out to state computationally verifiable initial conditions for predicting the immediate appearance of the guaranteed and fast convergence of iterative root finding methods. Attention is paid to iterative methods for simultaneous determination of polynomial zeros in the spirit of Smale's point estimation theory, introduced in 1986. Some basic concepts and Smale's theory for Newton's method, together with its modifications and higher-order methods, are presented in the first two chapters. The remaining chapters contain the recent author's results on initial conditions guaranteing convergence of a wide class of iterative methods for solving algebraic equations. These conditions are of practical interest since they depend only on available data, the information of a function whose zeros are sought and initial approximations. The convergence approach presented can be applied in designing a package for the simultaneous approximation of polynomial zeros. 410 0$aLecture notes in mathematics (Springer-Verlag) ;$v1933. 606 $aFix-point estimation 606 $aEquations, Roots of 615 0$aFix-point estimation. 615 0$aEquations, Roots of. 676 $a518 686 $a65H05$2msc 700 $aPetkovic?$b Miodrag$058168 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910483808603321 996 $aPoint estimation of root finding methods$9720013 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05009nam 22006615 450 001 9910595061603321 005 20260202154723.0 010 $a3-031-11582-1 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-11582-0 035 $a(CKB)5690000000033129 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7102196 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7102196 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-11582-0 035 $a(PPN)264961137 035 $a(EXLCZ)995690000000033129 100 $a20220920d2022 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aBiodiversity $eMaintenance, Function, Origin, and Self-Organisation into Life-Support Systems /$fby Edmundas Lekevi?ius 205 $a1st ed. 2022. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2022. 215 $a1 online resource (237 pages) 311 08$a3-031-11581-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPart I IN SEARCH FOR A FUNCTIONAL EXPLANATION -- 1 Introduction: contemporary biology struggles to explain the great diversity of genotypes and species -- 2 Methodological excursion: an apology for theoretical synthesis, simplicity, deductive method and conceptual modelling -- 3 Species do not just ?struggle -- 4 Species diversity as trophic specialisation -- 5 Producer diversity as reflection of variation in the abiotic environment -- 6 Do consumers maintain diversity of their food sources -- 7 Species diversity ensures higher total biomass and helps to stabilise it -- 8 Conspecifics do not just ?struggle? either -- 9 Genotype diversity as even more delicate specialisation -- 10 Environmental fluctuations and the daily role of selection -- 11 Summing-up: Biodiversity and plasticity of life (General Adaptation Theory) -- 12 So, is nature a battlefield or a cooperative arena? -- Part II IN SEARCH FOR A SYNTHETIC EXPLANATION -- 13 Why an evolutionary biologist should start with ecological succession -- 14 Primary succession and self-organisation of biodiversity -- 15 Colonisation of the Hawaiian Islands, or how evolution complements succession -- 16 Self-assembly of ecosystems in the Paleozoic: Overview of the latest sources -- 17 Self-assembly of ecosystems in the Paleozoic: Interpretation and summary -- 18 The origin of life, and self-assembly of modern nutrient cycles -- 19 Appearance of modern ecological pyramids. Summing-up -- 20 Supercompetitors. Homo sapiens as a consumer of biodiversity -- 21 Has Darwin?s theory really become obsole -- AFTERWORD -- INDEX. 330 $aSpecies are not functionally independent. From a long-term perspective, only ecosystem with a fully integrated nutrient cycle is alive. The lack of trophic autonomy should be considered one of the key factors that ensure and maintain biodiversity. The variability of abiotic conditions, both in space and in time, also creates a huge diversity of niches and subniches for genotypes and species. In addition, life maintains its essential variables (biomass and productivity) as stable as possible due to the diversity of structures (genes, macromolecules, metabolic pathways, genotypes, species, etc.): the structures that reach optima are multiplied and thus activated, while the functioning of those which lost their optima is suppressed. The facts and concepts presented in this monograph thus support the conclusions that (a) genotype and species diversity is supported by trophic specialisation (b) biodiversity helps to stabilise the functions (essential variables) of individuals, populations, and ecological communities (c) the emergence of biodiversity is determined by heritable variation and the advantage of specialised (more effective) structures over non-specialised ones (d) biodiversity is characterised by its ability to increase itself and to organise itself into relatively consistent structures, which we call production pyramids and nutrient cycles. This book therefore provides an answer to the question "why the diversity of life is of such and such a nature". 606 $aEvolution (Biology) 606 $aLife$xOrigin 606 $aEvolutionary genetics 606 $aSpecies 606 $aEvolutionary Theory 606 $aOrigin of Life 606 $aEvolutionary Genetics 606 $aSpeciation 606 $aBiodiversitat$2thub 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 0$aEvolution (Biology) 615 0$aLife$xOrigin. 615 0$aEvolutionary genetics. 615 0$aSpecies. 615 14$aEvolutionary Theory. 615 24$aOrigin of Life. 615 24$aEvolutionary Genetics. 615 24$aSpeciation. 615 7$aBiodiversitat 676 $a333.740684 676 $a577 700 $aLeki?a?vichi?u?s$b E?$g(E?dmundas),$084800 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910595061603321 996 $aBiodiversity$92915678 997 $aUNINA