LEADER 03290nam 2200625 450 001 9910465143903321 005 20210518000700.0 010 $a0-520-95843-8 024 7 $a10.1525/9780520958432 035 $a(CKB)3710000000125261 035 $a(EBL)1707854 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001226821 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12529909 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001226821 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11274018 035 $a(PQKB)10037016 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1707854 035 $a(DE-B1597)521085 035 $a(OCoLC)881417147 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780520958432 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1707854 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10882451 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL620759 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000125261 100 $a20140628h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurun#---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aField guide to grasses of California /$fJames P. Smith, Jr. ; illustrated by Kathy Simpson 210 1$aOakland, California :$cUniversity of California Press,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (449 p.) 225 1 $aCalifornia Natural History Guides ;$vNumber 110 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-520-27568-3 311 0 $a0-520-27567-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tCONTENTS --$tPreface --$tINTRODUCTION --$tTHE STRUCTURE OF GRASSES --$tGRASSES IN CALIFORNIA --$tCOLLECTING AND IDENTIFYING GRASSES --$tACCOUNTS AND DESCRIPTIONS --$tAPPENDIX A: CHECKLIST OF CALIFORNIA GRASSES --$tGLOSSARY, ABBREVIAT IONS, AND SYMBOLS --$tINDEX --$tABOUT THE AUTHOR 330 $aGrasses and grasslands are of increasing interest to conservationists, biologists, and gardeners. There are more than 300 species of native California grasses and they are found in almost every climate-from cool, wet forests to hot, dry deserts. Native grasses are also important to land restoration as they improve soil quality, increase water infiltration, and recycle nutrients. Their deep roots can tap soil water, which allows them to stay green year-round and to act as fire buffers around residences. Native grasses also provide vital habitat for many species of insects, birds, reptiles, and mammals. Despite their importance, grasslands remain one of the most under protected of California's vegetation types, and native grasslands have undergone the greatest percentage loss of any habitat type in the state. Grasses are also among the most difficult plants to identify. Organized alphabetically, Field Guide to Grasses of California covers common native and naturalized grasses and, to help identify them, also features over 180 color illustrations. 410 0$aCalifornia natural history guides ;$vNumber 110. 606 $aGrasses$zCalifornia$vIdentification 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aGrasses 676 $a584/.74 700 $aSmith$b James P$g(James Payne),$f1941-$01031356 702 $aSimpson$b Kathy 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910465143903321 996 $aField guide to grasses of California$92448689 997 $aUNINA LEADER 07485nam 22006015 450 001 9910483134503321 005 20240326134736.0 010 $a9783030656751 010 $a3030656756 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-030-65675-1 035 $a(CKB)4100000011801803 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6523377 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6523377 035 $a(OCoLC)1246575041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-030-65675-1 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011801803 100 $a20210319d2021 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aWhy Fiscal Stimulus Programs Fail, Volume 1 $eThe Limits of Accommodative Monetary Policy in Practice /$fby John J. Heim 205 $a1st ed. 2021. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2021. 215 $a1 online resource (584 pages) $cillustrations 311 1 $a9783030656744 311 1 $a3030656748 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPart-1: Introductory Chapter -- chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Literature Review -- Chapter 3: Methodology.-Part-2: Theory of crowd out and accommodative monetary policy -- Chapter 4: Theory of Crowd Out and Accommodative Monetary Policy -- chapter 5: A Simplified Balance Sheet View of How Open Market Operations Intended to Stimulate the Economy, When Dominated by Primary Dealers, Actually Stimulate Securities Markets, not the Real Economy -- Chapter 6: A Money Multiplier Approach to How Open Market Operations Stimulate Securities Markets and the Real Economy -- Part-3: The effectiveness of accommodating monetary policy mechanics -- chapter 7: The Role of Primary Dealers in Federal Reserve Efforts to Change the Money Supply -- chapter 8: The Failure of Accommodative Monetary Policy before Quantitative Easing (QE) and Its Success During QE; The "Pushing on a String Problem -- chapter 9:The Failure of U.S. Loanable Funds to Grow as Much as Federal Reserve Securities Purchases During QE: The Role of Foreign Banks -- Part-4: Increases in m1 - effects on stock and bond markets and the GDP -- Chapter 10: Effect of FR Purchases of Government Securities on M1 -- Chapter 11: Effect of Increases in Loanable funds or M1 on the GDP -- Chapter 12: Effect of FR Security Purchases and M1 on Stock, Bond and Mortgage Markets -- Part-5: Does crowd out really occur? -- Chapter 13: Does Crowd Out Really Occur? Initial Empirical Evidence - One Time Period -- Chapter 14: Does Crowd Out Really Occur? Empirical Evidence - Replication in Many Time Periods -- Part-6: Increases in total loanable funds (s+fb) - do they reduce crowd out? -- Chapter 15: Initial Tests of Whether Crowd out Effects Can be Offset by Increases in Loanable Funds -- Chapter 16: Which Models Best Explain How Changes in Loanable Funds Offset Crowd Out? -- Chapter 17: Do Loanable Funds Modify the Crowd Out Effects of the One-Variable Deficit (T-G) -- Chapter 18: Do Loanable Funds Modify the Crowd Out Effects of the Two-Variable Deficit (T), (G)? -- Chapter 19: Does M1 or Total Loanable Funds Better Measure Offset Effects to Crowd Out? -- Part-7: Determining M1 effects on crowd out -- Chapter 20: Does M1 or Total Loanable Funds More Accurately Define the Extent to Which Crowd Out Can be Modified? -- Part-8: Non-black box models: structural mechanisms through which loanable funds affects consumption and investment -- Chapter 21: Do Consumer Borrowing, Inflation and the Prime Interest Rate Increase When M1, or M2 are increased? -- Chapter 22: Effects on Consumer and Business Borrowing of Loanable Funds and M1 -- Chapter 23: Effects on Inflation of Loanable Funds and M1 -- Chapter 24: Effects on the Prime Interest Rate in Keynesian Models of Loanable Funds and M1 -- Part-9: Summary chapters -- Chapter 25: Summary of Introductory. Literature Review, and Methodology Chapters -- Chapter 26: Summary of Crowd Out and Accommodative Monetary Policy Theory Chapters -- Chapter 27: Summary of the Science Underlying the Conclusion that "Crowd Out" is a Serious Problem and that Accommodative Monetary Policy Can Offset It -- Chapter 28: Summary Of Engineering Equations -- Chapter 29: Acronyms Defined -- Part-10: Overall conclusions -- Chapter 30: Overall Conclusions. . 330 $a"Using sophisticated econometric techniques, Heim is able to achieve a dual result: to show that the Keynesian approach to economic stabilization is theoretically valid; but that its practical application in the past has proved quantitatively problematic. It may well be that he is vindicated by the unprecedented measures applied in the last two downturns." -Paul Hohenberg, 2007 President, Economic History Association "Keynesian macro policy has been thought to fail because of crowding out... this book shows that Keynesian macro policy was not the failure, it was the accommodating monetary policies that failed;...Furthermore, it appears that the use of investment banks, rather than commercial and savings and loans banks, significantly obstructed the effectiveness of the accommodative policies." -John Polimeni, Associate Professor of Economics, Albany College of Pharmacy. "Why Fiscal Stimulus Fails (Vol. 1) succeeds in its quest to establish therelationship between government deficits, crowding out, and monetary policy. The treatise benefits further from Heim's requirements that economic models be replicable... the thoroughness and clarity of Heim's presentation makes the work accessible to anyone."-Robert Jones, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute This book offers a series of statistical tests to determine if the "crowd out" problem, known to hinder the effectiveness of Keynesian economic stimulus programs, can be overcome by monetary programs. It concludes there are programs that can do this, specifically "accommodative monetary policy." They were not used to any great extent prior to the Quantitative Easing program in 2008, causing the failure of many fiscal stimulus programs through no fault of their own. The book includes exhaustive statistical tests to prove this point. There is also a policy analysis section of the book. It examines how effectively the Federal Reserve's anti-crowd out programs have actually worked, to the extent they were undertaken at all. It finds statistical evidence that using commercial and savings banks instead of investment banks when implementing accommodating monetary policy would have markedly improved their effectiveness. This volume, with its companion volume Why Fiscal Stimulus Programs Fail, Volume 2: Statistical Tests Comparing Monetary Policy to Growth, provides 1000 separate statistical tests on the US economy to prove these assertions. 606 $aMacroeconomics 606 $aEconometrics 606 $aFinance, Public 606 $aMacroeconomics and Monetary Economics 606 $aEconometrics 606 $aPublic Finance 615 0$aMacroeconomics. 615 0$aEconometrics. 615 0$aFinance, Public. 615 14$aMacroeconomics and Monetary Economics. 615 24$aEconometrics. 615 24$aPublic Finance. 676 $a336.390973 676 $a336.390973 700 $aHeim$b John J.$0849092 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910483134503321 996 $aWhy Fiscal Stimulus Programs Fail, Volume 1$94330049 997 $aUNINA