LEADER 02861nam 2200445 450 001 9910483130403321 005 20210205223956.0 010 $a3-030-52474-4 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-030-52474-6 035 $a(CKB)4100000011435786 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6340310 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-030-52474-6 035 $a(PPN)259458198 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011435786 100 $a20210205d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn|008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aMilitary-age males in counterinsurgency and drone warfare /$fSarah Shoker 205 $a1st ed. 2021. 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cPalgrave Macmillan,$d[2021] 210 4$dİ2021 215 $a1 online resource (XII, 266 p. 1 illus.) 311 $a3-030-52473-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aChapter 1. Introduction: Who Counts? -- Chapter 2. Producing the Not-Civilian: Military-Age Males as Visual Identifier -- Chapter 3. Risk-Management and Humanitarian War -- Chapter 4. Learning to See Data: Military-Age Males and Drone Warfare -- Chapter 5. Conclusion: The Future of Warfare. 330 $aThis book documents the political ecosystem that legitimized violent military action against military-age males in US military operations after September 11, 2001. It first introduces the military-age male as a category used to identify insurgent combatants who have blended into civilian environments. Though US officials maintained that military-age males were not automatically assumed to be combatants, defense and intelligence professionals nevertheless used biases related to gender, age, religion and race to interpret the battlespace. Based on an analysis of the Obama administration?s decision to exclude adolescent boys and men from drone warfare?s collateral damage count, and an examination of similar problems with combatant identification under the Bush administration, the author argues that the military-age male category contributed to the deterioration of civilian protection. The concluding chapters discusses the link between counterinsurgency, drone warfare, and emerging trends in artificial intelligence and autonomy in weapons systems, highlighting the relation between algorithmic discrimination and the misidentification of civilians as combatants. Dr. Sarah Shoker is Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada. 606 $aCounterinsurgency$zUnited States 615 0$aCounterinsurgency 676 $a355.02180973 700 $aShoker$b Sarah$01227526 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910483130403321 996 $aMilitary-age males in counterinsurgency and drone warfare$92850068 997 $aUNINA