LEADER 03543nam 22006615 450 001 9910483130403321 005 20250913221153.0 010 $a9783030524746 010 $a3030524744 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-030-52474-6 035 $a(CKB)4100000011435786 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6340310 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-030-52474-6 035 $a(PPN)259458198 035 $a(Perlego)3481207 035 $a(ODN)ODN0005716138 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011435786 100 $a20200905d2021 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn|008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aMilitary-Age Males in Counterinsurgency and Drone Warfare /$fby Sarah Shoker 205 $a1st ed. 2021. 210 $d2020 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2021. 215 $a1 online resource (XII, 266 p. 1 illus.) 311 08$a9783030524739 311 08$a3030524736 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aChapter 1. Introduction: Who Counts? -- Chapter 2. Producing the Not-Civilian: Military-Age Males as Visual Identifier -- Chapter 3. Risk-Management and Humanitarian War -- Chapter 4. Learning to See Data: Military-Age Males and Drone Warfare -- Chapter 5. Conclusion: The Future of Warfare. 330 $aThis book documents the political ecosystem that legitimized violent military action against military-age males in US military operations after September 11, 2001. It first introduces the military-age male as a category used to identify insurgent combatants who have blended into civilian environments. Though US officials maintained that military-age males were not automatically assumed to be combatants, defense and intelligence professionals nevertheless used biases related to gender, age, religion and race to interpret the battlespace. Based on an analysis of the Obama administration's decision to exclude adolescent boys and men from drone warfare's collateral damage count, and an examination of similar problems with combatant identification under the Bush administration, the author argues that the military-age male category contributed to the deterioration of civilian protection. The concluding chapters discusses the link between counterinsurgency, drone warfare, and emerging trends in artificial intelligence and autonomy in weapons systems, highlighting the relation between algorithmic discrimination and the misidentification of civilians as combatants. Dr. Sarah Shoker is Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada. 606 $aPolitics and war 606 $aPeace 606 $aInternational relations 606 $aMilitary and Defence Studies 606 $aPeace and Conflict Studies 606 $aInternational Relations Theory 606 $aForeign Policy 615 0$aPolitics and war. 615 0$aPeace. 615 0$aInternational relations. 615 14$aMilitary and Defence Studies. 615 24$aPeace and Conflict Studies. 615 24$aInternational Relations Theory. 615 24$aForeign Policy. 676 $a355.02180973 676 $a320 686 $aPOL011000$aPOL028000$aPOL034000$aPOL069000$2bisacsh 700 $aShoker$b Sarah$01227526 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910483130403321 996 $aMilitary-age males in counterinsurgency and drone warfare$92850068 997 $aUNINA